Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2: Pharmacology for nursing practice > Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

The effect of the drug on the body and how they act to produce these affects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What term defines “the effect of a drug on the body”?

A

Pharmacodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a drug and and what does it do?

A

Molecules that produce an effect on the body by interacting with target molecules (usually proteins)

When bound to a target proetein an alteration of physiological processes occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 systems which are involved in physiological communication? Which is faster?

A

The Central Nervous System

The Endocrine System

CNS is faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

By what means does the CNS aid in physiological communication?

A

Impulses and neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

By what means does the endocrine system aid in physiological communication?

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which system uses impulses and neurotransmitters for physiological communication?

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which system uses hormones for physiological communication?

A

Endocrine System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the collective term for neurotransmitters and and hormones?

A

first messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a first messenger?

A

An EXTRAcellular molecule which initiates intracellular activity by binding onto target proteins/receptors on cell surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What term describes an “extracellular molecule which binds onto target cell-receptors to initiatesintracellular activity”?

A

first messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a second messenger?

A

An intracellular molecule which relays signals from extracellular molecules thus mediating intracelluar activity by activating or inhibiting enzymes within the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What term describes an “An intracellular molecule which acts a relay for signals from a first messenger”?

A

second messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do second messengers work?

A

by activating or inhibiting enzymes within the cell thus signalling the transcription of certain genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of messenger is calcium?

A

second messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where can specific recptors be found within a cell?

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 levels which decribe the physiological effect of a drug?

A

It’s effect on the whole body

Certain organ systems

target cells within the organ system

molecular target within cellls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why should drugs be as specific as possible?

A

To reduce the secondary effect on other organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a target protein?

A

a protein molecule which allows other molecules (ligand) to bind to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a ligand?

A

a general term for a molecule which binds onto target proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What term describes “a protein molecule which allows other molecules to bind to it”?

A

target protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the general term describes “a molecule which binds onto target proteins”?

A

ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In what way can ligands binding to target proteins affect biological process

A

increase, decrease or alter biological processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an endogenous ligand?

A

a ligand produced inside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an exogenous ligand?

A

a ligand produced outside the body.

26
Q

What term describes “a ligand prodcuced inside the body”?

A

endogenous ligand

27
Q

What term describes “a ligand produced outside the body”?

A

exogenous ligand

28
Q

What type of ligands are drugs?

A

exogenous

29
Q

What are the 4 categories of target proteins?

A

Classic receptor

Enzyme

Ion channels

membrane transporters

30
Q

Classic receptors, Enzyme, Ion channels and membrane transporters are all examples of what?

A

target proteins

31
Q

What is a classic receptor?

A

a macromolecule which is part of the cell membrane to which a drug binds

32
Q

What macromolecule is part of the cell membrane and which a drug binds to?

A

Classic receptor

33
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

A macromolecule whicg increases the rate of metabolic reactions in the body.

34
Q

What macromolecule increases the rate of metabolic reactions in the body?

A

Enzymes

35
Q

Describe how ion-channels work in pharmacodynamics.

A

drugs INTERACT with target protein causing ion-channel to open or close, altering flow of ions across membrane and thus potential difference. This in turn affect physiological changes.

36
Q

Describe how membrane transporters work in pharmacodynamics.

A

they transport molecules across a cell membrane via passive or active transport.

37
Q

Why might it take a while for a drug to have an effect on the whole physiological system?

A

drugs first make an affect on a molecular level (target proetin) which in itself are part of larger more complex physiological systems.

38
Q

what determines the specificity of a target protein (classic receptor)?

A

the combination of amino acids which in turn affect the 3 dimensional structure of the protein.

39
Q

What is meant when a combination of drugs has an additive effect?

A

When the overall response is equal to the sum of the responces of the individual drugs

40
Q

what is the name of the effect when the overall response of a drug combination is equal to the sum of the individual responses?

A

Additive

41
Q

What is meant when a combination of drugs has a potentiating effect?

A

When the overall response is greater that the sum of the responses of the drugs

42
Q

What is the name of the effect when the overall response of a combined drug is greater that the sum of the responses of the individual drugs?

A

potentiating

43
Q

What is irreversible binding?

A

when the target-protein ligand complex cannot dissiciate

44
Q

What is affinity?

A

A measure of how easily a ligand binds to a target protein.

45
Q

What term describes a measure of how easily a ligand binds to a target protein?

A

Affinity

46
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A ligand that bind to a target protein and evokes a response.

47
Q

What term describes a ligand that bind to a target protein and evokes a response?

A

agonist

48
Q

What term describes the response produced by an agonist?

A

Agonistic response

49
Q

What term describes a drug withh high affinity and high intrinsic activity?

A

An agonist

50
Q

What properties make a good agonist?

A

high affinity and high intrinsic

activity

51
Q

What term describes a drug withh high affinity and no intrinsic activity?

A

antagonist

52
Q

What properties make a good agonist?

A

high affinity and no intrinsic activity

53
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A ligand which binds to a target protein but does not evoke a response.

54
Q

What term describes a ligand which binds to a target protein but does not evoke a response?

A

antagonist

55
Q

What is a competitive antagonist?

A

an antagonistic ligand which binds to the same binding site of a target protein as an agonist

56
Q

What term describes an an antagonistic which binds to the same binding site of a target protein as an agonist?

A

competitive anatagonist

57
Q

What is a non-competitive antagonist?

A

an antagonistic ligand which binds to a region other than the endogenous binding site, affecting the binding ability of the target protein

58
Q

What term describes an antagonist which bind to a region other than the binding site of a target protein and thus affecting it’s affinity?

A

non-competitive anatagonist

59
Q

What does the the term efficacy mean in pharmacodynamics?

A

A measure of the actual activity of a drug on the body

60
Q

What does the term potency mean in pharmacodynamics?

A

It tell us the affinity of a drug for its target

61
Q

What term describes a measure of the actual activity of a drug on the body

A

efficacy

62
Q

What term describes tell us a measure of the affinity of a drug for its target

A

potency

Year 2: Pharmacology for nursing practice (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions