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Pharmacology > Pharmacodynamics > Flashcards

Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

0
Q

Pharmacodynamics involves what five things?

A

Dose-response relationship
Drug-receptor relationship
Drug responses that do not involve receptors
Inter patient variability in drug responses
Therapeutic index.

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1
Q

What is pharmacodynamics the study of?

A

Study of biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced.

Study of what drugs do to the body and how they do it.

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2
Q

What is the relationship between in does-response relationships?

A

Size of administered dose and intensity of the response produced.

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3
Q

In dose-response relationships, what happens as the dosage increases?

A

The response becomes progressively larger

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4
Q

To get desired intensity of response what should be done?

A

Tailor treatment by increased/decreased dosage

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5
Q

What is potency?

A

Amount of drug given to get an desired effect (dose).

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6
Q

What is the maximal efficacy?

A

Largest effect that a drug can produce (height of curve)

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7
Q

The higher the potency the ________ the dose for effect.

A

Smaller.

Smaller does means more potent.

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8
Q

A very high maximal efficacy is always desired. True or false.

A

False. A maximal efficacy is NOT always desired.

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9
Q

Does potency imply anything about maximal efficacy?

A

No. It refers to dosage needed to produce effects.

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10
Q

What do drugs need to interact?

A

Receptors.

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11
Q

Drug-receptor interactions: What do drugs do?

A

Chemicals that produce effects by interacting with other chemicals.

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12
Q

Drug-receptor interactions: What do receptors do?

A

Special chemicals in body that most drugs interact with to produce effects.

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13
Q

What to drugs and receptors do?

A

Bind to one another.

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14
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Any functional macromolecule in a cell which a drug binds to, to produce effects.

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15
Q

What can a receptor include?

A

Enzymes, ribosomes, tubulin.

Although the term is generally reserved for the body’s own receptors.

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16
Q

What are the bodies own receptors?

A

Hormones, neurotransmitters and other regulatory molecules.

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17
Q

Is binding of a drug to it’s receptor reversible?

A

Yes usually reversible.

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18
Q

What is receptor activity regulated by?

A

Endogenous compounds.

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19
Q

What are the two actions that will occur when a receptor and a drug bind?

A

Either mimic or block action if the endogenous regulatory molecule. And increase or decrease the rate of physiologic activity which is normally
controlled by receptor.

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20
Q

When a drug and receptor bind is it creating something new?

A

No. Only. Mimic or block regulatory

Molecule.

21
Q

If drug mimics receptor does the function increase or decrease?

A

Increase

22
Q

If drug blocks receptor does the function increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

23
Q

What are some important properties of receptors?

A

Normal points of control of physiologic processes

Drugs can only mimic or block. Drugs product their therapeutic effects by helping the body use it’s preexisting capabilities.

Drugs can not give cells new functions.

24
Q

What are the four primary receptor families?

A

Cell membrane-embedded enzymes
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein - coupled receptor systems
Transcription factors.

25
Q

When a drug is more selective, will the drug produce more or fewer side effects?

A

Fewer.

26
Q

What makes selectively possible?

A

Receptors. When a receptors are similar in different functions other effects occur.

One receptor can have 3 different functions.

27
Q

If a drug interacts with only one type of receptor, and if the receptor type regulates just a few process, then the effects of the drug will be relatively selective. True or false

A

True

28
Q

If a drug interacts with only one type if receptor, but if the reexport type regulates multiple process, then the effects of the drug will be relatively non-selective. True or false.

A

True.

29
Q

What are the two theories of drug-receptor interaction?

A

Affinity

Intrinsic activity

30
Q

What is affinity?

A

Strength of the attraction between a drug and it’s receptor

Allows drug to bind to it’s receptor

31
Q

What is intrinsic activity?

A

Ability of the drug to activate a receptor upon binding.

32
Q

For drugs to mimic do they need affinity and intrinsic activity?

A

Yes both

33
Q

For drugs to block do they have affinity and intrinsic activity?

A

Only affinity.

34
Q

Drugs with high ____________ activity have high maximal efficacy.

A

Intrinsic.

35
Q

What is an agonists?

A

Molecules that active receptors
Have both affinity and high intrinsic activity

(Mimic)

36
Q

What are antagonist?

A

Produce their effects by preventing receptor activation
There is affinity but not intrinsic activity

Histamine (block)

37
Q

If there is an agonist present will an antagonist have an observable effect?

A

No it will have no observable effect

38
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

Have only moderate intrinsic activity

Maximal effect that a partial agonist can produce is less than of full agonist.

39
Q

What is regulation of receptor sensitivity?

A

Tolerance.

40
Q

Continuous exposure to an agonist will do what?

A

Desensitize or refractory. Resistance

41
Q

Continuous exposure to an antagonist will do what?

A

Hypersensitive

42
Q

You may have to increase or decrease a dose because of sensitivity to receptor?

A

Increase.

43
Q

What are drug responses that do not involve receptors?

A

Simple physical or chemical interaction with other small molecules (self teaching).

Ex. Anti acid

44
Q

The dose required to produce a therapeutic response can vary among patients why?

A

ED50.

45
Q

What is ED50?

A

The dose required to produce a defined therapeutic response in 50% of the population. Good average dose for majority.

46
Q

Can an average effective dose (ED50) be perfect for some people and insufficient for others?

A

Yes.

47
Q

What is a therapeutic index?

A

Measure of drugs safety.

The ratio of the drugs LD50 to it’s ED50

48
Q

The higher/larger the therapeutic index the safer the drug?

A

True

49
Q

The smaller/lower the therapeutic index the less safe the drug.

A

True. Toxicity levels are much higher

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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