pharmacodynamics

Question 1

what is the receptor theory?

Answer 1

the factors affecting how ligand interact with receptors to cause a response

Question 4

what is the receptor theory?

Answer 4

the factors affecting how ligands interact with receptors to cause a response

Question 5

what are drugs?

Answer 5

chemicals that act on specific targets to evoke a particular response

Question 6

what are drug targets?

Answer 6

-receptors,enzymes,transporters,ion channels

Question 7

what are receptors?

Answer 7

proteins that recognise and respond to an endogenous chemical signal called a ligand to evoke a response e.g contraction (muscle),action potential (neurone),secretion (gland)

Question 8

what is specificity?

Answer 8

where a class of drugs binds to certain receptors (or other targets like enzymes) and certain receptors recognise only certain types of drug

Question 9

what is an agonist?

Answer 9

-any ligand when bound to its receptor,elicits an observable response (may be endogenous or exogenous)

Question 10

what is an antagonist?

Answer 10

any ligand,that itself may not produce any response,which interferes with the response to an agonist

Question 11

what is the historical background of receptors?

Answer 11

-the concept of receptors originated by John Langley 1887
-the term receptor was coined by Ehrlich in 1900
-clark proposed occupation theory in 1926-this allowed prediction of the relationship between drug concentration and response

Question 12

what does a dose/concentration response curve show?

Answer 12

the relationship between doses (if the drug is used in vivo) or concentrations (if the drug is used in vitro) of a drug and its pharmacologic effect

Question 13

what is the agonist concentration-response relationships?

Answer 13

-where a feature of drugs acting on a specific target in a physiological system is that it will be a graded response with an increase in drug conc or dose

Question 14

what is the drug-receptor relations in-vivo?

Answer 14

In vivo (in the body)-it is assumed the dosage of the drug provides a known conc of a drug at the target receptor

Question 15

what is the drug-receptor relations in vitro?

Answer 15

-in vitro (out of the body)-tissues/cells are incubated in chambers of known volume and drug concentration,this enables the concentration-response relationships to be accurately measured

Question 16

what are the key factors in determining drug-receptor interactions?

Answer 16

-Potency
-The potency of the drug is defined by the location of its concentration-response curve
on the graph and its EC50 and pD2

Question 17

what is the potency of a drug?

Answer 17

the concentration of the drug needed to produce a defined response or effect

Question 18

efficacy