neurones

Question 1

what is neuroscience?

Answer 1

the study of the body’s nervous systems

Question 2

what are the levels of analysis of neuroscience?

Answer 2

molecular,cellular,systems,behavioural,cognitive

Question 3

what are neurones?

Answer 3

the basic functional unit of the brain, human behaviour and brain function therefore arises from different neurone communications, they make up the nervous system

Question 4

define afferent and efferent

Answer 4

afferent=to carry to-axons carry info towards a particular point
efferent=to carry from-axons carry info away from a point

Question 5

define unipolar, bipolar and multipolar

Answer 5

unipolar=single neutrite
bipolar=two neutrites
multipolar=two or more neutrites

Question 6

what does the nervous system do and state its two parts…

Answer 6

-the nervous system controls every aspect of human behaviour e.g pain, learning and memory
-its two parts are the CNS and the PNS

Question 7

what are the cells that make up the nervous system and what do they do?

Answer 7

neurons-process info, sense environmental chines,communicate change to other neurones and command body responses

Question 8

what does the glia do?

Answer 8

insulates, supports,nourishes and contributes to the regulation of neurons

Question 9

what is the structure of a neuron made up of?

Answer 9

-soma( cell body)
-dendrites
-axon
-neuronal membrane
-cytoskeleton

Question 10

what is the neuronal membrane?

Answer 10

a 5nm thick barrier that encloses the cytoplasm and the structure of the discrete regions in the membrane can influence the neuronal function

Question 11

what is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

internal scaffolding of the neuronal membrane, made up of three bones, microtubules,microfilaments and neurofilaments

Question 12

what is the soma composed of?

Answer 12

-cytosol=watery fluid inside the cell
-organelles=membrane enclosed structures inside such as the red which is the site for protein synthesis
-the SER and Golgi apparatus=site for preparation and sorting of proteins for different cell regions
-mitochondrion=site of cellular respiration
-cytoplasm

Question 13

what is the role of the axon?

Answer 13

responsible for sending info from one neuron to the next
-it consists of the axon hillock (beginning),axon proper (middle) and the axon terminal (end)

Question 14

what is the differences between the axons and the soma?

Answer 14

the ER does not extend into the axon

Question 15

what are synapses?

Answer 15

-the point of communication between neurons
-there is electrical to chemical to electrical transformation

Question 16

what can happen if there is synaptic transmission dysfunction?

Answer 16

mental disorders can occur

Question 17

what are the different types of synapses?

Answer 17

-chemical synapses (communication by chemical neurotransmitters)
-electrical synapses (communication by electricity)-this is very quick for communication between cells

Question 18

what are dendrites and what is their role?

Answer 18

-Dendrites are the postsynaptic location of the neuron and they receive signals from the axon terminal and also act as a receptor
-they are responsible for receiving info relayed from the axon of neurones
-they have numerous branches unlike axons which are single fibres
-majority of synapses and receptors are found on dendrites
-they can be smooth or spiny

Question 19

what are the different nervous system disorders?

Answer 19

-alzheimer’s disease
-cerebral palsy
-depression
-epilepsy
-multiple sclerosis
-parkinsons
-schizophrenia
-spinal paralysis
-stroke

Question 20

what is Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 20

a progressive disease of the brain which is fatality is shown by dementia

Question 21

what is cerebral palsy?

Answer 21

a motor disorder, caused by damage to the cerebrum at birth

Question 22

what is depression?

Answer 22

a disorder of mood,which can be shown by insomnia and loss of appetite

Question 23

what is epilepsy?

Answer 23

a condition shown by disturbances pf brain activity that can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness and sensory disturbances

Question 24

what is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 24

a disease that affects nerve conduction, shown by episodes of weakness, lack of coordination and speech disturbance

Question 25

what is Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 25

a disease of the brain that leads to difficulty in voluntary movement

Question 26

what is schizophrenia?

Answer 26

a psychotic illness shown by delusions,hallucinations and bizarre behaviour

Question 27

what is spinal paralysis?

Answer 27

a loss of movement and feeling caused by damage to the spinal cord

Question 28

what is stroke?

Answer 28

a loss of brain function caused by disruption to blood supply and leads to permanent sensorimotor or cognitive deficit