Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

This is what a drug does to the body

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of receptors?

Answer 2

1. Ligan-gated
2. G-protien
3. Kinase
4. DNA coupled

Question 3

What is a ligand gated receptor?

Answer 3

It is when ligand must bind to an open channel (transmembrane protiens) *quick acting

Question 4

What is a g-protein receptor?

Answer 4

crosses 7 times membrane transmembrane receptor

*quick acting

Question 5

What is a kinase receptor?

Answer 5

when receptors must pair up

*takes hours

Question 6

What is DNA coupled receptor?

Answer 6

binds ligand to intracellular receptor and DNA to suppress gene expression
*takes hours

Question 7

What else can drugs bind to other than receptors?

Answer 7

Enzymes and non-human cells

Question 8

What does it mean if a drug is specific?

Answer 8

It binds to only one type of receptor (only alpha, or only beta, but not alpha and beta)

Question 9

What does it mean if a drug is sensitive?

Answer 9

It bind a few subtypes of the receptors (binds Beta, but only B1, and not B2)

Question 10

What is an agonist?

Answer 10

Causes something to happen; fits perfectly in a receptor

Question 11

What is an antagonist?

Answer 11

Stops or slows something from happening; it is not a perfect fit.

Question 12

What is a competitive antagonist?

Answer 12

It is when the highest concentration between two drugs wins.
If there are more antagonist molecules, then it will block the agonist and the agonist’s effects.

Question 13

What is a non-competitive antagonist?

Answer 13

binding is more permanent - antagonist takeover

Question 14

What is a partial agonist?

Answer 14

diminished response

Question 15

What is an Emax for the dose response curve?

Answer 15

maximal response of a drug when all the receptors are saturated.

Question 16

What is ED50 for the dose response curve?

Answer 16

how much drug/meds needed to get 50 percent of desired response.

If the ED50 is low, then this means that the drug is more potent

Question 17

What are some other forms of antagonist?

Answer 17

1. Chemical - when you mix the effects are diminished.
2. Physiologic - two drugs have opposite effects
3. Pharmacokinetic - metabolism changed (CYP)
4. Receptor changes - long term exposure to agonist leads to desensitization

Question 18

What is the therapeutic index?

Answer 18

It is the ratio between ED50 and TD50.
You want a high narrow therapeutic index so there is a lot of room between the dose that people need and the dose that would be toxic to them.

Question 19

What does the Naranjo scale do?

Answer 19

It helps to decide if someone is experiencing an AE

Question 20

What are the causes of ADRs?

Answer 20

Age, genetics, other DDIs, HCP errors, patients not adhering to meds