Anti-infective and cancer treatment

Question 1

What is an antimicrobrial?

Answer 1

Drug that is active against all organisms (fungi, virus, bacteria)

Question 2

What are antibiotics?

Answer 2

Drug that is only active against bacteria

Question 3

What are the two properties of bacteria?

Answer 3

Gram-positive = thicker cell wall - target for drug treatment.
Gram-negative = outer membrane - harder for drugs to penetrate

Question 4

What are the 2 types of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 4

1. Innate - the drug just is not dangerous to the organism

2. Acquired - due to gene mutation the organism is not killed by the drug

Question 5

What factors contribute to resistance?

Answer 5

Overuse/misuse
Used for too long
International OTC antibiotics
Use of antibiotics in livestock

Question 6

What are PT considerations for antibiotics?

Answer 6

• Educate patients on resistance
• Wash hands/use disinfectants
• visual changes/dizziness

Question 7

What are antibiotic AE’s?

Answer 7

1. Drug - drug interactions
2. Decreased blood cells
3. Dizziness
4. Ototoxicity

Question 8

What is the ending for drugs that treat viruses?

Answer 8

-vir

Question 9

What drugs tx Hep A?

Answer 9

Immune globulin

Question 10

What drugs tc Hep B?

Answer 10

Interferon and nucleoside

Question 11

What drug tx Hep C?

Answer 11

Direct acting antivirals (DDA)

Question 12

What drug tx HIV?

Answer 12

HAART or combined therapy (Truimeg and Biktavy)

Question 13

What are the AEs for antiviral medications?

Answer 13

NV, rash (steven-johnson), myalgia, tremors, cardiac issues, hyperglycemia, peripheral neuropathy, depression/psychosis

Question 14

What are the two types of antifungals?

Answer 14

1. Superficial

2. Systemic

Question 15

What to antifungal meds do?

Answer 15

Alter a cells permeability

Question 16

What are two antifungal medications?

Answer 16

Nystatin

-“azole”

Question 17

What are the four different types of vaccines?

Answer 17

1. Inactive = killed pathogen
2. Conjugates = piece of pathogen
3. Live attenuated = weakened pathogen
   * used if immunocompromised*
4. Toxid = pathogen toxin

Question 18

What are the different types of cancer treatments?

Answer 18

1. Radiation = damages all tissue
2. Surgery = last resort
3. Chemotherapy = inhibits growth and repetition
4. Targeted = blocks genes
5. Immunotherapy = use the immune system

Question 19

What are some therapeutic concerns for cancer tx?

Answer 19

• Fall risk
• Decreased cognition
• Decreased sensation (peripheral neuropathy)
• Strength/balance
• fatigue
• pain
• emotional/mental issues

Question 20

What are AEs of cancer tx?

Answer 20

• Anemia
• Appetite loss
• Thrombocytopenia
• Delirium
• Fatigue
• Increased risk of infection
• Illness
• Pain