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Critical Care_Oncology > Pharmaco > Flashcards

Pharmaco Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

What is Vinblastine primarily used to treat?

A

Vinblastine is primarily used to treat various types of cancer, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma and testicular cancer.

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2
Q

True or False: Paclitaxel is a plant-derived chemotherapy drug.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Etoposide is derived from ________.

A

podophyllotoxin

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4
Q

Which drug is known for its use in treating breast cancer and ovarian cancer?

A

Paclitaxel

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Topotecan?

A

Topotecan inhibits topoisomerase I, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of Methotrexate? A) Nausea B) Hair growth C) Increased energy D) Weight gain

A

A) Nausea

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7
Q

What type of drug is Gemcitabine?

A

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used as a chemotherapy agent.

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8
Q

True or False: Teniposide is used primarily in the treatment of leukemia.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the primary action of Fluorouracil?

A

Fluorouracil inhibits thymidylate synthase, disrupting DNA synthesis.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Etoposide is often used in combination therapy for ________ cancer.

A

lung

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11
Q

Which drug is classified as an antimetabolite?

A

Methotrexate

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which agent is NOT a vinca alkaloid? A) Vincristine B) Vinblastine C) Paclitaxel D) Vinorelbine

A

C) Paclitaxel

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13
Q

What is the common route of administration for Paclitaxel?

A

Paclitaxel is commonly administered intravenously.

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14
Q

True or False: Gemcitabine can be used to treat pancreatic cancer.

A

True

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15
Q

What is a significant toxicity associated with Methotrexate?

A

Methotrexate can cause myelosuppression.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Topotecan is mainly indicated for ________ cancer.

A

ovarian

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17
Q

Which drug interacts with microtubules to inhibit cancer cell division?

A

Paclitaxel

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Teniposide?

A

Teniposide inhibits topoisomerase II, leading to DNA strand breaks.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a pyrimidine analog? A) Gemcitabine B) Vinblastine C) Etoposide D) Paclitaxel

A

A) Gemcitabine

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20
Q

What is the primary use of Etoposide?

A

Etoposide is primarily used in the treatment of testicular cancer and small cell lung cancer.

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21
Q

True or False: Fluorouracil is administered orally only.

A

False

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: Vinblastine is often used in combination with ________ for treating lymphomas.

A

bleomycin

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23
Q

Which drug is known for causing peripheral neuropathy as a side effect?

A

Vincristine

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24
Q

What type of cancer is Gemcitabine particularly effective against?

A

Gemcitabine is particularly effective against pancreatic cancer.

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25
Multiple Choice: Which drug is a first-line treatment for advanced ovarian cancer? A) Topotecan B) Methotrexate C) Paclitaxel D) Etoposide
C) Paclitaxel
26
What is the role of Fluorouracil in cancer treatment?
Fluorouracil is used to inhibit DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
27
What is Vinblastine primarily used to treat?
Vinblastine is primarily used to treat various types of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and testicular cancer.
28
True or False: Paclitaxel is a plant-derived chemotherapy drug.
True
29
Fill in the blank: Etoposide is derived from ________.
podophyllotoxin
30
Which drug is known for its use in treating breast cancer and ovarian cancer?
Paclitaxel
31
What is the mechanism of action of Topotecan?
Topotecan inhibits topoisomerase I, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis.
32
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of Methotrexate? A) Nausea B) Hair growth C) Increased energy D) Weight gain
A) Nausea
33
What type of drug is Gemcitabine?
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used as a chemotherapy agent.
34
True or False: Teniposide is used primarily in the treatment of leukemia.
True
35
What is the primary action of Fluorouracil?
Fluorouracil inhibits thymidylate synthase, disrupting DNA synthesis.
36
Fill in the blank: Etoposide is often used in combination therapy for ________ cancer.
lung
37
Which drug is classified as an antimetabolite?
Methotrexate
38
Multiple Choice: Which agent is NOT a vinca alkaloid? A) Vincristine B) Vinblastine C) Paclitaxel D) Vinorelbine
C) Paclitaxel
39
What is the common route of administration for Paclitaxel?
Paclitaxel is commonly administered intravenously.
40
True or False: Gemcitabine can be used to treat pancreatic cancer.
True
41
What is a significant toxicity associated with Methotrexate?
Methotrexate can cause myelosuppression.
42
Fill in the blank: Topotecan is mainly indicated for ________ cancer.
ovarian
43
Which drug interacts with microtubules to inhibit cancer cell division?
Paclitaxel
44
What is the mechanism of action of Teniposide?
Teniposide inhibits topoisomerase II, leading to DNA strand breaks.
45
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a pyrimidine analog? A) Gemcitabine B) Vinblastine C) Etoposide D) Paclitaxel
A) Gemcitabine
46
What is the primary use of Etoposide?
Etoposide is primarily used in the treatment of testicular cancer and small cell lung cancer.
47
True or False: Fluorouracil is administered orally only.
False
48
Fill in the blank: Vinblastine is often used in combination with ________ for treating lymphomas.
bleomycin
49
Which drug is known for causing peripheral neuropathy as a side effect?
Vincristine
50
What type of cancer is Gemcitabine particularly effective against?
Gemcitabine is particularly effective against pancreatic cancer.
51
Multiple Choice: Which drug is a first-line treatment for advanced ovarian cancer? A) Topotecan B) Methotrexate C) Paclitaxel D) Etoposide
C) Paclitaxel
52
What is the role of Fluorouracil in cancer treatment?
Fluorouracil is used to inhibit DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
53
What are the two main types of cancer drugs based on their cell cycle specificity?
Specific and Non-specific ## Footnote Specific drugs target specific phases of the cell cycle, while non-specific drugs affect all phases.
54
Name a class of cancer drugs derived from plants.
Plant Alkaloids ## Footnote Plant alkaloids include drugs like Vinblastine and Taxanes.
55
What is the mechanism of action of Vinblastine?
Binds to microtubules, preventing their function ## Footnote This action interferes with spindle formation during cell division.
56
Which drug is a taxane used in cancer treatment?
Paclitaxel ## Footnote Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules and prevents their breakdown.
57
What is the role of alkylating agents in cancer treatment?
Alkylate DNA, causing cross-linking and preventing DNA replication ## Footnote Examples include Busulfan and Nitrosoureas.
58
Fill in the blank: _______ is an alkylating agent that binds to DNA and causes breakage.
Nitrosoureas ## Footnote Nitrosoureas can cross the blood-brain barrier due to their lipid solubility.
59
Name one type of antibiotic used as a cancer drug.
Anthracyclines ## Footnote Examples include Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin.
60
What is the mechanism of action of Anthracyclines?
Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, preventing replication ## Footnote They also inhibit topoisomerase enzymes.
61
True or False: Cisplatin is a type of alkylating agent.
False ## Footnote Cisplatin is a platinum-based drug that forms cross-links in DNA.
62
What are the side effects associated with Doxorubicin?
Cardiotoxicity and alopecia ## Footnote These are common adverse effects of many anthracyclines.
63
Which drug is known to inhibit thymidylate synthase?
5-Fluorouracil ## Footnote This inhibition affects DNA synthesis.
64
What is the mechanism of action of Methotrexate?
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, blocking DNA synthesis ## Footnote Methotrexate is used in various cancers and autoimmune diseases.
65
Fill in the blank: _______ is a drug that prevents DNA synthesis by interfering with the synthesis of nucleotides.
Gemcitabine ## Footnote Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog used in cancer therapy.
66
What class of drugs includes Teniposide (VM-26)?
Podophyllotoxins ## Footnote Podophyllotoxins inhibit topoisomerase II, leading to DNA damage.
67
What is the primary target of alkylating agents?
DNA ## Footnote They alkylate guanine residues in DNA, leading to mutations.
68
Name a common side effect of chemotherapy that affects the gastrointestinal tract.
Nausea and vomiting ## Footnote These are common side effects due to the toxicity of many cancer drugs.
69
What is the drug class of vinblastine?
Vinblastine is classified as a vinca alkaloid.
70
What is the primary mechanism of action of vinblastine?
Vinblastine inhibits microtubule formation, disrupting mitosis and leading to cell death.
71
True or False: Vinblastine is used primarily in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
True.
72
Fill in the blank: Vinblastine is often used in combination with other drugs in treatment regimens such as ______.
CHOP.
73
What are common side effects of vinblastine?
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and constipation.
74
True or False: Vinblastine can cause peripheral neuropathy.
False.
75
What serious adverse effect is associated with vinblastine?
Vinblastine can cause bone marrow suppression.
76
Which type of cancer is vinblastine primarily used to treat?
Vinblastine is primarily used to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma and testicular cancer.
77
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a side effect of vinblastine? A) Constipation B) Respiratory distress C) Nausea D) Hair loss
B) Respiratory distress.
78
What is the route of administration for vinblastine?
Vinblastine is administered intravenously.
79
True or False: Vinblastine is a cell cycle-specific drug.
True.
80
Fill in the blank: The mechanism of action of vinblastine involves the disruption of ______ formation.
microtubule.
81
What is a potential long-term effect of vinblastine treatment?
Potential long-term effects include the risk of secondary malignancies.
82
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of vinblastine? A) Diarrhea B) Weight gain C) Alopecia D) Hypertension
C) Alopecia.
83
Which organ system can be severely affected by vinblastine toxicity?
The hematopoietic system.
84
True or False: Vinblastine can lead to anaphylactic reactions.
True.
85
What is the dosing adjustment needed for vinblastine in patients with hepatic impairment?
Dosing may need to be reduced in patients with hepatic impairment.
86
Fill in the blank: Vinblastine is contraindicated in patients with ______.
severe bone marrow depression.
87
What is the effect of vinblastine on mitosis?
Vinblastine prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle, halting cell division.
88
True or False: Vinblastine is effective against solid tumors.
True.
89
What is the importance of monitoring during vinblastine therapy?
Monitoring is important to manage potential bone marrow suppression and other adverse effects.
90
Multiple Choice: What can vinblastine cause that impacts the gastrointestinal system? A) Diarrhea B) Constipation C) Ulceration D) Hemorrhage
B) Constipation.
91
How does vinblastine affect white blood cell counts?
Vinblastine can cause leukopenia, reducing white blood cell counts.
92
Fill in the blank: The brand name for vinblastine is ______.
Velban.
93
What should be monitored to prevent complications in patients receiving vinblastine?
Complete blood counts (CBC) should be monitored regularly.
94
What are Erlotinib and Gefitinib classified as?
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors ## Footnote They are primarily used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
95
How do Erlotinib and Gefitinib work?
They block the activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase by binding to the ATP-binding site of EGFR ## Footnote This prevents activation and downstream signaling pathways responsible for cell proliferation and survival.
96
What type of therapy is Cetuximab?
Monoclonal antibody ## Footnote It specifically binds to the extracellular domain of the EGFR.
97
What is the mechanism of action of Cetuximab?
Blocks the binding of natural ligands to EGFR ## Footnote This prevents receptor activation and inhibits dimerization of EGFR.
98
What does Bevacizumab inhibit?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ## Footnote This is essential for blood vessel formation in tumors.
99
What is the effect of Bevacizumab on tumor growth?
Reduces blood supply to tumors ## Footnote This action limits tumor growth and ability to spread.
100
What type of inhibitor is Bortezomib?
Proteasome inhibitor ## Footnote It is used primarily to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.
101
What is the primary action of Bortezomib?
Disrupts normal homeostatic mechanisms that maintain protein balance ## Footnote This leads to accumulation of proteins within the cell.
102
What is Sorafenib used to treat?
Advanced renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma ## Footnote It is a multi-kinase inhibitor.
103
What receptors does Sorafenib target?
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR-ß) ## Footnote These are involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis.
104
What is Brentuximab vedotin?
An antibody-drug conjugate ## Footnote It consists of a chimeric anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody attached to a microtubule inhibitor.
105
What happens to the MMAE in Brentuximab vedotin after binding to CD30?
It is released with the action of lysosomal enzymes on the linker ## Footnote This occurs after internalization of the antibody-drug conjugate.
106
What do anti-PD-1 antibodies, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, target?
PD-1 on T cells ## Footnote They block PD-L1/PD-1-mediated immune checkpoint signaling.
107
What is the result of blocking PD-1 function?
Reactivation of T cells that exert cytotoxic function against tumor cells ## Footnote This allows immune cells to recognize and counter tumor cells.
108
Fill in the blank: Bevacizumab is used to inhibit _______.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
109
True or False: Sorafenib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
True
110
Fill in the blank: Bortezomib is primarily used to treat _______.
Multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma

Critical Care_Oncology (7 decks)

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