Pharmaceutics Final: lec 11 Flashcards
If a living cell is placed in hypotonic solution
water will enter cell
If a living cell is placed in hypertonic solution
water will leave cell
Normal blood serum osmolarity values range from?
275-300
dissociation factor=
total # of particles of solute in solution after dissociation / # of particles before dissociation
T/F Body fluids, including blood and tears, have the same osmotic pressure as that of a 0.9% w/v NaCl
true
what is the lumen of the needle?
hollow part of needle
what is the bevel of the needle?
slanted end of needle
what is the shaft of the needle?
needle’s outer portion
T/F The gauge of a needle, used to designate the size of the lumen, ranges from 33 to 7
true
T/F the butterfly needle is often used for long-term therapy
false, short-term
what is the max injection volume by IV for adults?
3L/day
define IV bolus
drug injected directly into vein within a short period
define intermittent infusion
diluted drug infused over 15-60 min every 6 hours
define continuous infusion
drug added to large volume of parental fluid and slowly administered
how long are IM needles?
gauge?
volume into deltoid/thigh?
volume into butt?
1/2 in to 1 1/2 in
19-23 gauge
2 mL
5 mL
how long are SC needles?
gauge?
volume into arm, thigh, abdomen, or upper back?
absorption faster or slower than IM?
what are the two most important drugs administered this way?
3/8 to 1 in 24-27 gauge up to 2mL slower heparin and insulin
how long are ID needles?
gauge?
volume into forearm?
fast or slow absorption?
3/8 in
25-28 gauge
up to 0.1 mL
slow
all parenteral products must be? (3)
- sterile
- pyrogen limited
- Free from extraneous insoluble materials
define bacteriostatic
inhibits or stops bacterial growth
define pyrogen
typically a bacterial substance that produces fever and hypotension if it gets into bloodstream
what are the four different types of parenteral products?
- solutions
- lyophilized solids
- emulsions
- suspensions
T/F The form in which manufacturer prepares a given drug for parenteral use depends on the nature of the drug itself with respect to its physical and chemical characteristics and on certain therapeutic considerations
true
define USPs definition of “injections”
liquid preps of drug
define USPs definition of “for injection”
dry solid drug that will be added to solution
define USPs definition of “injectable emulsion”
what is the reason for this type of preparation?
liquid preps dissolved in an emulsion
drugs that are oily
propofol is an example of what injection type?
injectable emulsion
insulin and heparin are examples of what injection type?
injections
sefuroxime and ampicillin are examples of what injection type?
for injection
methylprednisolone acetate is an example of what injection type?
injectable suspension
cisplatin and albraxane are examples of what injection type?
for injectable suspensions
define USPs definition of “injectable suspension”
liquid prep of solid suspended in liquid
define USPs definition of “for injectable suspension”
dry solid drug that will be added to solution
