PHARMACEUTICALS Flashcards
Axon
Conducts messages away from the cell body
Mylien sheaf
Surrounds and protects the axon and makes sure the electrical impulse only travels in one direction
CNS
Consists of the brain an the spinal cord
PNS
Consists of all the nerves situated outside of the brain and spinal cord
PNS (parts)
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
All the nerves controlling muscular system and external sensory receptors
Autonomic nervous system
Consists of the nerves that control internal organs
Sensory neurones
Carry messages from receptors to the CNS
Motor neurones
Transmit messages from the CNS to the effectors
Interneurones
Are found in the CNS and connect one type of Neurone to another
Sense organs
Allow for information to make its way to the nervous system and allow to the input of pain pressure and temperature
Receptors
Structures that recognise a stimulus
Effectors
Organs that carry out the body’s actions in response to motor neurone signals
Dendrites
Receive information from another nerve cell and transmit the message to the body
Plasma
Is the liquid portion of the blood it distributes substances it contains as it circulates throughout the body
Haemoglobin
A component of red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen around the body
White blood cells
Part of our immune system and help fight infection
White blood cells (types)
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Monocyte Lymphocyte
Platelets
Help blood clot and are formed in the bone marrow
Pathogens
Are microscopic organisms that can cause disease they include bacteria and viruses
Phagocytosis
The process by which white blood cells move from the blood to the tissues where the ingest and destroy foreign material
Lymphocytes
A type of white blood cell that when contacted by pathogens produce antibodies
Antibodies
Help destroy pathogens
The end of the antibody acts as a signal to the phagocytes to destroy the pathogen
Antigens
Are a protein or carbohydrate that is able to provoke the immune system of the host
Inflammation
A localised protective response of the cells in the body
Prostaglandins
Chemicals that are released by cells that become stressed during inflammation that work to increase the effect of the inflammatory response
Analgesics
A drug used to treat pain eg paracetamol
MRSA
A type of bacteria that is responsible for difficult to treat infections
Antibiotic resistance
When a bacterium that use to be killed by a drug is not affected anymore
Microbiology
The study of any microscopic organism
Lister
The first person to apply antiseptic treatment and he introduced antiseptic surgery
Koch
He discovered the bacteria that caused anthrax, tuberculosis and cholera
Pasteur
Created Pasteurisation and proved microorganisms that cause disease are carried in the air
He discovered infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms
He created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax
Antibiotic
Is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria
Penicillin
A type of antibiotic that is active against bacteria when they divide during binary fission
