BIONICS Flashcards
Cochlear implants
Is an electronic device that replaces the function of the inner ear, they do the work of the damaged parts of the inner ear
Parts of the heart
Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Aorta Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart and have thick walls
Carry blood containing oxygen and are under high pressure
Veins
Carry blood to the heart and have thin walls they carry blood without oxygen and contain valves
Capillaries
Have walls that are one cell thick and allow blood to get into tissues
They join arteries to veins
Valves
They prevent the back flow of blood and separate different areas of the heart
Atrioventricular valves
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Semilunar valves
Aortic valves
Pulmonary valves
SA and VA nodes
Specialised tissues in the heart produce and electrical signal that caused the rhythmic contraction of the heart
Arrhythmia
When the heart beats irregularly
It occurs when the condition of impulses from the SA node is impaired
Pacemaker
Are used to treat arrhythmia
Consists of a pulse generator and a conducting wire
Can detect heartbeat rate and turns on when the heartbeat is to slow
Mechanical valves
Are made of entirely artificial components such as pyrolytic Carbon
They are durable but can fail unexpectedly
Bio Prosthetic valves
Are made from animal tissues
Are less likely to be rejected by the body and are less likely to form clots
Biomaterial
Is a synthetic material that can replace living tissue
Plaque
A build up of fats, cholesterol and many other substances
Infraction (types)
Heart attack
Pulmonary embolism
Stroke
Infraction
When plaque breaks off and block a smaller artery and stops oxygen from getting to an organ
Angioplasty
The unblocking of blood vessels where a wire is fed through the artery and a balloon is inflated pushing the plaque against the vessel walls
Function of the skeleton
Provides support and allows for upright stance
Protection of internal organs
Production of blood cells
Compact bone
Provides protection and support and forms a hard thin layer over the spongy bone
It is dense and provides little shock absorption
Spongy bone
Is proud and contains bone marrow, it is soft and provides shock absorption
It distributes energy transferred by compact bone
Types of joints
Gliding joint
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Pivot joint
Gliding joint
Consists of multiple bones and allows for a large range of movements eg wrist
Hinge joint
Allows for movement back and forth in one place and direction eg knee
Ball and socket joint
Allows for a large degree of movement eg hip
Pivot joint
Allows for rotation around a fixed point eg where the skull is attached to the spine
Ligaments
Join one bone to another, stabilise joints and allow for movement in a particular direction
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone, transmit forces between muscles and bones to allow movement
Cartilage
Takes away friction and stops bones rubbing together
Synovial fluid
Acts as a lubricant and reduces friction on joints
Silicone
Is a polymer that contains the element silicone
Is used for contact lenses and joint replacement
UHMWPE
Is a type of polymer commonly used in ball and socket joints
Metal alloy
Is a mixture of metal with at least one other element
Surgical implant types
Cemented implants
Un-cemented implants
Cemented implants
Are screwed or pushed into the bone and held in place with an adhesive
Un-cemented implants
Have a special chemical that promotes bone growth on the surface and the bone grows through a mesh holding the implant in place
Respiratory system (parts)
Trachea Bronchi Bronchiole Alveoli Diaphragm Ribs
Gas exchange
Takes place in the alveoli
There needs to be moisture to prevent gases for escaping
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
DRSABCD
Danger Response Shout for help Airway Breathing Circulation Defibrillator
Artificial Lung
Any external device that does the job of a persons lung
Non-invasive diagnostic techniques
A technique in which the body is not invaded or cut open eg X-rays
