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HSC SENIOR SCIENCE > BIONICS > Flashcards

BIONICS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cochlear implants

A

Is an electronic device that replaces the function of the inner ear, they do the work of the damaged parts of the inner ear

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2
Q

Parts of the heart

A 
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle 
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
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3
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart and have thick walls

Carry blood containing oxygen and are under high pressure

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4
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood to the heart and have thin walls they carry blood without oxygen and contain valves

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

Have walls that are one cell thick and allow blood to get into tissues
They join arteries to veins

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6
Q

Valves

A

They prevent the back flow of blood and separate different areas of the heart

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7
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve

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8
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic valves

Pulmonary valves

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9
Q

SA and VA nodes

A

Specialised tissues in the heart produce and electrical signal that caused the rhythmic contraction of the heart

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10
Q

Arrhythmia

A

When the heart beats irregularly

It occurs when the condition of impulses from the SA node is impaired

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11
Q

Pacemaker

A

Are used to treat arrhythmia
Consists of a pulse generator and a conducting wire
Can detect heartbeat rate and turns on when the heartbeat is to slow

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12
Q

Mechanical valves

A

Are made of entirely artificial components such as pyrolytic Carbon
They are durable but can fail unexpectedly

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13
Q

Bio Prosthetic valves

A

Are made from animal tissues

Are less likely to be rejected by the body and are less likely to form clots

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14
Q

Biomaterial

A

Is a synthetic material that can replace living tissue

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15
Q

Plaque

A

A build up of fats, cholesterol and many other substances

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16
Q

Infraction (types)

A

Heart attack
Pulmonary embolism
Stroke

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17
Q

Infraction

A

When plaque breaks off and block a smaller artery and stops oxygen from getting to an organ

18
Q

Angioplasty

A

The unblocking of blood vessels where a wire is fed through the artery and a balloon is inflated pushing the plaque against the vessel walls

19
Q

Function of the skeleton

A

Provides support and allows for upright stance
Protection of internal organs
Production of blood cells

20
Q

Compact bone

A

Provides protection and support and forms a hard thin layer over the spongy bone
It is dense and provides little shock absorption

21
Q

Spongy bone

A

Is proud and contains bone marrow, it is soft and provides shock absorption
It distributes energy transferred by compact bone

22
Q

Types of joints

A

Gliding joint
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Pivot joint

23
Q

Gliding joint

A

Consists of multiple bones and allows for a large range of movements eg wrist

24
Q

Hinge joint

A

Allows for movement back and forth in one place and direction eg knee

25
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Allows for a large degree of movement eg hip

26
Q

Pivot joint

A

Allows for rotation around a fixed point eg where the skull is attached to the spine

27
Q

Ligaments

A

Join one bone to another, stabilise joints and allow for movement in a particular direction

28
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone, transmit forces between muscles and bones to allow movement

29
Q

Cartilage

A

Takes away friction and stops bones rubbing together

30
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Acts as a lubricant and reduces friction on joints

31
Q

Silicone

A

Is a polymer that contains the element silicone

Is used for contact lenses and joint replacement

32
Q

UHMWPE

A

Is a type of polymer commonly used in ball and socket joints

33
Q

Metal alloy

A

Is a mixture of metal with at least one other element

34
Q

Surgical implant types

A

Cemented implants

Un-cemented implants

35
Q

Cemented implants

A

Are screwed or pushed into the bone and held in place with an adhesive

36
Q

Un-cemented implants

A

Have a special chemical that promotes bone growth on the surface and the bone grows through a mesh holding the implant in place

37
Q

Respiratory system (parts)

A 
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Diaphragm 
Ribs
38
Q

Gas exchange

A

Takes place in the alveoli

There needs to be moisture to prevent gases for escaping

39
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

40
Q

DRSABCD

A 
Danger
Response
Shout for help
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Defibrillator
41
Q

Artificial Lung

A

Any external device that does the job of a persons lung

42
Q

Non-invasive diagnostic techniques

A

A technique in which the body is not invaded or cut open eg X-rays

HSC SENIOR SCIENCE (4 decks)

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