Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

54 CNS > Pharmaceutical Technology 3 > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Technology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the top layer of skin?

A

Stratum corneum (10um)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is stratum corneum made up of?

A

10-20 layers of flattened, stratified, fully keratinised dead cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary barrier to drug crossing the skin?

A

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the dermis layer contain?

A

Blood vessels
Macrophages
Mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do drugs access the stratum corneum?

A

Intercellular lipid domains
- Lipids, cholesterol, fatty acids, ceramides
Appendages
- Sweat ducts, hair follicles (but low surface area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Topical delivery gives ____ skin penetration.

A

Shallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Topical delivery is ______.

A

Local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transdermal delivery gives ___ skin penetration

A

Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transdermal delivery is ______.

A

Systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 1

A

Controlled release (reservoirs, duration of contact)
- Decreases dosing frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 2

A

No GI degradation/irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 3

A

Bypasses hepatic 1st pass effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 4

A

Easy termination of input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Advantage of transdermal delivery 5

A

Non-invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 1

A

Variability between people & location of administration on body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 2

A

Stratum corneum -> slow absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 3

A

Skin irritation (interactions & removal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 4

A

Can be removed by patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 5

A

Metabolic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 6

A

BBB (via systemic delivery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Disadvantage of transdermal delivery 7

A

Systemic side effects

22
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 1

A

Skin condition: age, disease, injury, site

23
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 2

A

Skin thickness (thickness of diffusion layer)

24
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 3

A

Hydration of skin (stratum corneum)
- Natural or “manufactured” (occlusive: physical/chemical)

25
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 4

A

Stimulation of the skin (phonophoresis/ultrasound, iontophoresis)

26
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 5

A

Physicochemical properties of drug (lipophilicity, diffusion coefficient)

27
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 6

A

Permeation enhancers

28
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 7

A

Concentration gradient

29
Q

Permeation enhancers result in ______ reduction in the ________ of the stratum corneum without ________.

A

Reversible
Barrier resistance
Damaging viable cells

30
Q

Factors that affect transdermal delivery 8

A

Area of contact between formulation & skin

31
Q

Types of patches

A

a. Solutions/suspensions in reservoirs
b. Polymer matrix

32
Q

Common excipients of solutions for patches

A

Preservatives
Solvents/co-solvents
Viscosity modified
Permeation enhancers
Adhesives

33
Q

Carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

A

Viscosity modifiers, matrix polymer

34
Q

Calcium alginate

A

Viscosity modifiers, adhesive, matrix polymer

35
Q

Carbomer

A

Viscosity modifier, adhesive

36
Q

Poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride)

A

Viscosity modifier, adhesive

37
Q

Glyceryl monooleate

A

Permeation enhancer, bioadhesive, sustained release agent

38
Q

Cyclodextrin

A

Permeation enhancer

39
Q

In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 1

A

Diffusion coefficient of drug

40
Q

In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 2

A

Surface area

41
Q

In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 3

A

Concentration

42
Q

In polymer matrices, drug release depends on? 4

A

Porosity/tortuosity of polymer matrix
- Determined by intramolecular interactions (crosslinking, hydrogen bonds)

43
Q

Sealed packing maintains ____, ____, ____.

A

Integrity of adhesive
Integrity of product
Hydration

44
Q

Design of patches

A
  1. Membrane
  2. Matrix
  3. Drug-in-adhesive matrix
45
Q

Membrane

A
  • Drug dispersed in a separate depot
  • Rate-controlling membrane limits the amount of drug release over time
46
Q

Matrix

A

Drug incorporated in a polymer matrix, separate to the adhesive layer

47
Q

Drug-in-adhesive matrix

A

Drug combined with adhesive and released from this matrix

48
Q

Backing layer

A

Protection of drug & content

49
Q

Adhesives

A

Silicone, rubber and adhesives and
permeation enhancers

50
Q

Liner

A

Protects adhesive

51
Q

Special considerations for transdermal patches

A
  1. Release rate of drug from patch
  2. Strength of adhesion (between layers, influence of sweat, hair etc)
  3. Disposal

54 CNS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions