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TCM Review: Biomed > Pharmaceutical Classifications and common cardiac/diabetes drugs > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Classifications and common cardiac/diabetes drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Analgesic

A

Mild to severe pain reliever

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2
Q

Antihelmintic

A

Kills parasites and their eggs

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3
Q

Antiasthmatic

A

Prevents asthma, treats asthma attacks

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4
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Blocks ANS parasympathetic impulses, lessens spasm of muscles in GI and bladder. Also treats asthma, COPD, dizziness and motion sickness, high blood pressure, Parkinson’s disease.
• Side effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, drowsiness, sedation, hallucination, memory impairment, difficulty urinating, confusion, delirium, decreased sweating, decreased saliva.

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5
Q

Anticonvulsant

A

Prevents, controls, or relieves seizures

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6
Q

Antidiabetic

A

Treats diabetes

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7
Q

Antacid

A

Neutralizes stomach acid

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8
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Normalizes heartbeat

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9
Q

Antibiotics

A

Prevents bacterial reproduction

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10
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Prevents blood from clotting

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11
Q

Anti-depressant (Tricyclic, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI)

A

Relieves depression

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12
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

Relieves diarrhea

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13
Q

Antiemetic

A

Prevents or relieves vomiting and nausea

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14
Q

Antihistamine

A

Counteracts histamine, relieves allergies

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15
Q

Anti-inflammatory

A

Reduces inflammation

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16
Q

Antineoplastic

A

Destroys cancer cells (poisons them)

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17
Q

Anti-pyretic

A

Fever reducer

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18
Q

Antitussive

A

Reduces cough

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19
Q

Antifungal

A

Destroys or prevents the growth of fungi

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20
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Reduces blood pressure

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21
Q

Antilipemic

A

Lowers blood lipids/triglycerides

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22
Q

Antipsychotic

A

Controls psychosis

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23
Q

Antiseptic

A

Inhibits microorganism growth and spreading

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24
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Dilates bronchi

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25
Q

Cathartic (laxative)

A

Alleviates constipation

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26
Q

Decongestant

A

Relieves nasal congestion and inflammation

27
Q

Expectorant

A

Liquefies bronchi mucous

28
Q

Hormone replacement (HRT)

A

Resolves hormone deficiency

29
Q

Hormone replacement

A

Resolves hormone deficiency

30
Q

Muscle relaxant

A

Relaxes skeletal muscles

31
Q

Contraceptive

A

Prevents pregnancy

Oral or physical devices

32
Q

Diuretic

A

Increases urine output and reduces blood pressure and cardiac output

33
Q

Hemostatic

A

Stops bleeding

34
Q

Hypnotic (sedative)

A

Relaxation or sleep

35
Q

Hypnotic (Sedative)

A

Relaxation or sleep

36
Q

Mydriatic

A

Constricts eye or nasal vessels (dilates pupils)

37
Q

Stimulant

A

Decreases appetite, increases brain activity and sympathetic activity

38
Q

Vasodilator

A

Dilates blood vessels to decrease blood pressure

39
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure

40
Q

Anti-metabolites

A

A chemical that inhibits metabolites

41
Q

Beta Blockers (–olol)

A

Beta-blockers are drugs that bind to beta-adrenoceptors and thereby block the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine to these receptors. Used to treat: angina • atrial arrhythmias • coronary artery disease • heart failure • hypertension • early post-traumatic stress disorder • Metoprolol and atenolol, which are cardioselective, are the most widely used β blockers in the treatment of hypertension.

42
Q

Beta blockers side effects

A

Common side effects of beta blockers can include:
Cold hands or feet
Fatigue
Weight gain

43
Q

Calcium-Channel Blockers (CCBs) ( –ine)

A

Calcium channel blocking agents restrict the amount of calcium entering cardiac and smooth muscle cells by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels. This causes blood vessels to relax and widen (vasodilate), improves oxygen supply to the heart, and lowers blood pressure.

44
Q

Side effects of CCBs

A

constipation, nausea, headache, rash, edema, hypotension, drowsiness, dizziness

45
Q

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS

A

Reduce angiotensin II levels • reduce vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion • increase bradykinin

46
Q

Side effects ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS

A

Toxicity: COUGH,

angioedema • hyperkalemia • renal impairment • teratogenic

47
Q

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBS)

A

Same as ACE inhibitors but no increase in bradykinin

48
Q

Side effects of ARBS

A

less cough than ACE-i; angioedema • hyperkalemia • renal impairment • teratogenic

49
Q

Statins

A

Statins (also called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) block an enzyme called HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) that is involved in the synthesis of mevalonate, a naturally occurring substance that is then used by the body to make sterols, including cholesterol.
By inhibiting this enzyme, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol production is decreased.

50
Q

The most common side effects reported with statins include:

A 
side effects reported with statins :
A headache
belching or excessive gas
constipation
heartburn, indigestion, nausea or stomach discomfort
hoarseness
lower back or side pain
muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness
51
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Aspirin, Clopidogrel (Plavix)

52
Q

Side effects of Antiplatelets

A

Diarrhea, rash, itching, abdominal pain, headache, chest pain, muscle aches, dizziness.

53
Q

Anti-arrhythmics

A

amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone), CCBs, B-blockers, Anticoagulants etc.

54
Q

Side effects of anti-arrhythmics

A

dizziness, blurred vision, anorexia, unusual taste, fatigue, nausea and vomiting.

55
Q

Vasodilators:

A

The oral vasodilators, hydralazine and minoxidil, which are used for long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension

56
Q

Side effects of Vasodilators:

A

lightheadedness, irregular heart rate, headache, diaphoresis, anorexia, nausea…..

57
Q

Oral hypoglycemics:

A

DM type 2: THIAZOLIDINEDIONES, GLUCAGON-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS, ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS, BIGUANIDES, SULFONYLUREAS

58
Q

THIAZOLIDINEDIONES

•  Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

A

DM type 2: Reduce insulin resistance. Toxicity: Fluid retention, edema, anemia, weight gain, macular edema, bone fractures in women • cannot use if CHF, hepatic disease

59
Q

Megitinides

A

DM type 2: In patients with functioning beta cells, lower blood sugar by stimulating pancreatic secretion of insulin

60
Q

SULFONYLUREAS

Glipizide •  Glimepiride

A

DM type 2: Reduce circulating glucose in patients with functioning beta cells. Toxicity: Hypoglycemia, weight gain

61
Q

BIGUANIDES

•  Metformin

A

DM type 2: Decreases circulating glucose. Toxicity: Gastrointestinal symptoms, lactic acidosis (rare) • cannot use if impaired renal/hepatic function • congestive heart failure (CHF), hypoxic/acidotic states, alcoholism

62
Q

ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS

•  Acarbose, miglitol

A

DM type 2: Reduce conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides • reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. Toxicity: Gastrointestinal symptoms • cannot use if impaired renal/hepatic function, intestinal disorders

63
Q

GLUCAGON-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS

A

DM type 2: Reduce post-meal glucose excursions: Increase glucosemediated insulin release, lower glucagon levels, slow gastric emptying, decrease appetite. Toxicity: Nausea, headache, vomiting, anorexia, mild weight loss, pancreatitis

TCM Review: Biomed (11 decks)

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