Pharmaceutical Classifications and common cardiac/diabetes drugs

Question 1

Analgesic

Answer 1

Mild to severe pain reliever

Question 2

Antihelmintic

Answer 2

Kills parasites and their eggs

Question 3

Antiasthmatic

Answer 3

Prevents asthma, treats asthma attacks

Question 4

Anticholinergic

Answer 4

Blocks ANS parasympathetic impulses, lessens spasm of muscles in GI and bladder. Also treats asthma, COPD, dizziness and motion sickness, high blood pressure, Parkinson’s disease.
• Side effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, drowsiness, sedation, hallucination, memory impairment, difficulty urinating, confusion, delirium, decreased sweating, decreased saliva.

Question 5

Anticonvulsant

Answer 5

Prevents, controls, or relieves seizures

Question 6

Antidiabetic

Answer 6

Treats diabetes

Question 7

Antacid

Answer 7

Neutralizes stomach acid

Question 8

Antiarrhythmic

Answer 8

Normalizes heartbeat

Question 9

Antibiotics

Answer 9

Prevents bacterial reproduction

Question 10

Anticoagulant

Answer 10

Prevents blood from clotting

Question 11

Anti-depressant (Tricyclic, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI)

Answer 11

Relieves depression

Question 12

Antidiarrheal

Answer 12

Relieves diarrhea

Question 13

Antiemetic

Answer 13

Prevents or relieves vomiting and nausea

Question 14

Antihistamine

Answer 14

Counteracts histamine, relieves allergies

Question 15

Anti-inflammatory

Answer 15

Reduces inflammation

Question 16

Antineoplastic

Answer 16

Destroys cancer cells (poisons them)

Question 17

Anti-pyretic

Answer 17

Fever reducer

Question 18

Antitussive

Answer 18

Reduces cough

Question 19

Antifungal

Answer 19

Destroys or prevents the growth of fungi

Question 20

Antihypertensive

Answer 20

Reduces blood pressure

Question 21

Antilipemic

Answer 21

Lowers blood lipids/triglycerides

Question 22

Antipsychotic

Answer 22

Controls psychosis

Question 23

Antiseptic

Answer 23

Inhibits microorganism growth and spreading

Question 24

Bronchodilator

Answer 24

Dilates bronchi

Question 25

Cathartic (laxative)

Answer 25

Alleviates constipation

Question 26

Decongestant

Answer 26

Relieves nasal congestion and inflammation

Question 27

Expectorant

Answer 27

Liquefies bronchi mucous

Question 28

Hormone replacement (HRT)

Answer 28

Resolves hormone deficiency

Question 29

Hormone replacement

Answer 29

Resolves hormone deficiency

Question 30

Muscle relaxant

Answer 30

Relaxes skeletal muscles

Question 31

Contraceptive

Answer 31

Prevents pregnancy Oral or physical devices

Question 32

Diuretic

Answer 32

Increases urine output and reduces blood pressure and cardiac output

Question 33

Hemostatic

Answer 33

Stops bleeding

Question 34

Hypnotic (sedative)

Answer 34

Relaxation or sleep

Question 35

Hypnotic (Sedative)

Answer 35

Relaxation or sleep

Question 36

Mydriatic

Answer 36

Constricts eye or nasal vessels (dilates pupils)

Question 37

Stimulant

Answer 37

Decreases appetite, increases brain activity and sympathetic activity

Question 38

Vasodilator

Answer 38

Dilates blood vessels to decrease blood pressure

Question 39

Vasoconstrictor

Answer 39

Constricts blood vessels to increase blood pressure

Question 40

Anti-metabolites

Answer 40

A chemical that inhibits metabolites

Question 41

Beta Blockers (–olol)

Answer 41

Beta-blockers are drugs that bind to beta-adrenoceptors and thereby block the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine to these receptors. Used to treat: angina • atrial arrhythmias • coronary artery disease • heart failure • hypertension • early post-traumatic stress disorder • Metoprolol and atenolol, which are cardioselective, are the most widely used β blockers in the treatment of hypertension.

Question 42

Beta blockers side effects

Answer 42

Common side effects of beta blockers can include: Cold hands or feet Fatigue Weight gain

Question 43

Calcium-Channel Blockers (CCBs) ( –ine)

Answer 43

Calcium channel blocking agents restrict the amount of calcium entering cardiac and smooth muscle cells by blocking voltage-gated calcium channels. This causes blood vessels to relax and widen (vasodilate), improves oxygen supply to the heart, and lowers blood pressure.

Question 44

Side effects of CCBs

Answer 44

constipation, nausea, headache, rash, edema, hypotension, drowsiness, dizziness

Question 45

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS

Answer 45

Reduce angiotensin II levels • reduce vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion • increase bradykinin

Question 46

Side effects ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) INHIBITORS

Answer 46

Toxicity: COUGH, | angioedema • hyperkalemia • renal impairment • teratogenic

Question 47

ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBS)

Answer 47

Same as ACE inhibitors but no increase in bradykinin

Question 48

Side effects of ARBS

Answer 48

less cough than ACE-i; angioedema • hyperkalemia • renal impairment • teratogenic

Question 49

Statins

Answer 49

Statins (also called HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) block an enzyme called HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) that is involved in the synthesis of mevalonate, a naturally occurring substance that is then used by the body to make sterols, including cholesterol. By inhibiting this enzyme, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol production is decreased.

Question 50

The most common side effects reported with statins include:

Answer 50

``` side effects reported with statins : A headache belching or excessive gas constipation heartburn, indigestion, nausea or stomach discomfort hoarseness lower back or side pain muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness ```

Question 51

Antiplatelets

Answer 51

Aspirin, Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Question 52

Side effects of Antiplatelets

Answer 52

Diarrhea, rash, itching, abdominal pain, headache, chest pain, muscle aches, dizziness.

Question 53

Anti-arrhythmics

Answer 53

amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone), CCBs, B-blockers, Anticoagulants etc.

Question 54

Side effects of anti-arrhythmics

Answer 54

dizziness, blurred vision, anorexia, unusual taste, fatigue, nausea and vomiting.

Question 55

Vasodilators:

Answer 55

The oral vasodilators, hydralazine and minoxidil, which are used for long-term outpatient therapy of hypertension

Question 56

Side effects of Vasodilators:

Answer 56

lightheadedness, irregular heart rate, headache, diaphoresis, anorexia, nausea.....

Question 57

Oral hypoglycemics:

Answer 57

DM type 2: THIAZOLIDINEDIONES, GLUCAGON-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS, ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS, BIGUANIDES, SULFONYLUREAS

Question 58

THIAZOLIDINEDIONES | •  Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

Answer 58

DM type 2: Reduce insulin resistance. Toxicity: Fluid retention, edema, anemia, weight gain, macular edema, bone fractures in women • cannot use if CHF, hepatic disease

Question 59

Megitinides

Answer 59

DM type 2: In patients with functioning beta cells, lower blood sugar by stimulating pancreatic secretion of insulin

Question 60

SULFONYLUREAS | Glipizide •  Glimepiride

Answer 60

DM type 2: Reduce circulating glucose in patients with functioning beta cells. Toxicity: Hypoglycemia, weight gain

Question 61

BIGUANIDES | •  Metformin

Answer 61

DM type 2: Decreases circulating glucose. Toxicity: Gastrointestinal symptoms, lactic acidosis (rare) • cannot use if impaired renal/hepatic function • congestive heart failure (CHF), hypoxic/acidotic states, alcoholism

Question 62

ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS | •  Acarbose, miglitol

Answer 62

DM type 2: Reduce conversion of starch and disaccharides to monosaccharides • reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. Toxicity: Gastrointestinal symptoms • cannot use if impaired renal/hepatic function, intestinal disorders

Question 63

GLUCAGON-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) RECEPTOR AGONISTS

Answer 63

DM type 2: Reduce post-meal glucose excursions: Increase glucosemediated insulin release, lower glucagon levels, slow gastric emptying, decrease appetite. Toxicity: Nausea, headache, vomiting, anorexia, mild weight loss, pancreatitis