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S3 Case 4 - Endocrine > Pharmaceutical care of Ocular Conditions > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical care of Ocular Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Who do you refer?

A

Babies >2 years
Babies with sicky eyes from birth
Patients undergone ophthalmic/laser surgery

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2
Q

What are the 5 symptoms to look for?
5 P’s

A

Pain
Photosensitivity
Pupils
Problems
Pus

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3
Q

What are the possible causes of red eye?

A

Conjunctivitis
Subconjunctival haemorrhage
Inflamed

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4
Q

What are the different types of conjunctivitis?

A

Viral
Bacterial
Allergic

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5
Q

What should you do for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Resolve within 7-10 days once exposure has stopped

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6
Q

What should you do for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Resolves within 7-10 days
Can give chloramphenicol

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7
Q

What is the course for chloramphenicol?

A

MAX 5 days
BUT take for 2 days after symptoms

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8
Q

What can chloramphenicol also do?

A

Help loosen hardened discharge on lids

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9
Q

What are the antiseptics available?

A

Propamidine isetionate drops
Dibromopropamidine isetionate eye ointment

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10
Q

What is the antibacterial available?

A

Chloramphenicol drops + ointment

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11
Q

What is chloramphenicol?

A

Topical treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in adults + children over 2

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12
Q

What must contact lens users do whilst using chloramphenicol?

A

Stop using them

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13
Q

What is the dose regime for chloramphenicol?

A

1 drop every 2hrs for first 48hrs
And every 4hrs thereafter
Ointment = 3-4x/day

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14
Q

When do you refer to GP with chloramphenicol?

A

If no improvement within 48hrs

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15
Q

What must you do with chloramphenicol after 5 days?

A

THROW IT AWAY

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16
Q

What is the eye hygiene for conjunctivitis chloramphenicol?

A

Don’t touch eye/lashes with nozzle
Wash hands
Don’t share bottle with anyone

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17
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Transient stinging/burning
Blurred vision

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18
Q

What does chlamydial conjunctivitis require?

A

Urgent referral

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19
Q

How do you treat allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Avoid/minimise exposure to trigger
Oral histamines
Cold compress for eyes
Sodium cromoglicate (long-term)

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20
Q

When do you refer someone with subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

If on warfarin

21
Q

How do you treat subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Resolves spontaneously 7-14 days

22
Q

What are the cause of inflamed eyes?

A

Tired/irritated
Overworking
Over-exposure to smoky/dusty air

23
Q

What is the treatment for inflamed eyes?

A

Eye lotions/drops

24
Q

What is the treatment for styes?

A

Apply hot compress
Refer if not resolved within 7 days
May remove eyelash

25
Q

What is the treatment for chalazion?

A

Resolve spontaneously
Treat same as styes
May require surgery to drain

26
Q

What is marginal blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of margin of eyelid

27
Q

What is the treatment for marginal blepharitis?

A

Lid hygiene
Contact lenses not worn

28
Q

What are included in lid hygiene?

A

Warm compress
Massage eyelid
Clean eyelid 2x a day
Lid wipes
Stop with eye makeup

29
Q

What can be used to treat bacterial blepharitis?

A

Antibacterial ointment rubbed into eyelashes 2-3x/day for 7 days
Systemic = oral antibiotics

30
Q

What may cause watering eyes?

A

Interrupted drainage of tear film due to blockage of nasolacrimal duct

31
Q

What can watering eye be a symptom of?

A

Dry eyes

32
Q

What is watering eye often as a result of in older people?

A

Ectropion/entropion conditions

33
Q

How do you treat dry eye?

A

Eye drops with preservative
Preservative free eye drops

34
Q

What is the problem with preservatives?

A

Can cause eye irritation
= NOT to be used more than 4x/day

35
Q

What can early cataracts cause?

A

Myopic shift = see optometrist to change glasses prescription

36
Q

What may be used to treat glaucoma?

A

Parasympathomimetic drops
Sympathomimetic drops
Beta-blockers
Prostaglandins analogues + prostamides
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

37
Q

What is the screening for glaucoma?

A

Diabetics
>40 years
1st degree relatives of glaucoma

38
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A

Damage to retina due to increased sugar in eye

39
Q

How is the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy treated?

A

With surgery
= scatter laser to shrink abnormal blood vessels

40
Q

What are eye drop dispensers suitable for?

A

People with impaired sight/shaky hands

41
Q

How is macular oedema treated?

A

With focal laser treatment

42
Q

How often does patients >40 with a family history of glaucoma/ocular hypertension who are not part of a monitoring scheme?

A

Every year

43
Q

How often does patients with diabetes who are not part of a diabetic retinopathy monitoring scheme?

A

Every year

44
Q

Describe rigid gas permeable contact lens

A

Smaller
Take longer to get used to
More durable

45
Q

Describe soft contact lens

A

Larger + cover cornea
Replacement daily
Daily-wear
Incorporate water to stop drying out

46
Q

What is involved soft contact lens care?

A

Daily cleaning
Disinfection
Protein removal

47
Q

What is involved in hard contact lens care?

A

Wetting solutions

48
Q

Describe contact lens care for all

A

Reduction in tear flow = lens discomfort
Lens intolerance = hormone preparations
Lens discolouration = sulfasalazine

49
Q

When are you advised not to wear contact lens?

A

Dry eyes
Blurred vision
Cold sores
Eye infections

S3 Case 4 - Endocrine (17 decks)

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