Pharma Study Flashcards
Tolerance
Natural or developed ability to resist effects of the continued or increasing use of a drug
Tonicity
Refers to the concentration of chems. in that solution
Sterility
Solution must be free from bacterial contamination
Stability
Solutions must be reasonably stable and not deteriorate or loose their effectiveness
Penetration
Eye drops penetrate the eye directly thru cornea and into ac of eye
3 principal delivery systems
Topical, oral, injection
Topical
Meds are applied directly to the surface of the eye or surrounding skin
Oral
Meds are taken by mouth
Injectable
Meds are injected w hypodermic needle into or around the eye or into different part of body
Four principal topical delivery systems
Solutions, suspensions, ointments+gels, soluble drugs inserts
Oral [ex]
Tablets,capsule, liquids
Injections [ex]
Intravitreal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar
Solutions
Placed directly in the eye - usually instilled in conjunctival sac
Suspensions
Liquid vehicles which “particles” are suspended- must shake well - may contain preservative to inhibit growth of unwanted bacteria during storage
Ungs
Greasy or oilly - remains in contact for prolonged time - typically bedtime therapy- difficult to apply [ointment]
Inserts
Placed in the corner of the lower conjunctiva
Retrobulbar
Inject. Med thru the skin of lower lid - paralyze eom + anesthetizes
Intravitreal
Inject. Into eye
Eye drop + ointment installation
Was or sanitize hands - 20 secs
*warn pt ointment blur vision bc it smears the cornea
Eye drops cont.
Eye drops follow correct procedures - verify physicians orders 2x - prepare patient for stinging/burning - avoid cross contamination- never rub - wipes excess drops w fresh tissue - wait 3-5 mins between eye meds
Complications of locally administered meds
Allergic reaction
Toxic reaction
Discoloration of eye
Undesirable side effects
Idiosyncrasy [abnormalities]
Loss of effect by inactivation
Spread of infection
Induction period
Delay period between the reaction to the use of particular drug and the development of a state of hypersensitivity
Punctal occlusion
Procedure treats des and other conditions by blocking tear drainage system
Mydriatics
Serve to dilate pupils - by stimulating the iris dilator muscle
Cycloplegics
Act on iris by dilating pupil + ciliary body paralyzing fine focusing muscles so eye is no longer able to accommodate for nv
May sting slightly when administered in eye
Dyes - stains
Highlight defects [temp stains cells]
Cheif use - to elevate ocular surface
Topical/injected anesthetics
Drug causes temp deadening of nerve
Loss of feel in surrounding tissue
**don’t rub numbed eye can b easily scratched w out pt being aware of dmg
Therapeutic meds
Miotics
Antimicrobial
Anti allergic/inflamm
Decongestants
Lubricants
Miosis
Pupillary constriction- reduction of light entering eye
Contraction of ciliary body muscle
Antimicrobials
Anti…
Biotic- treat infection
Viral - treat virus infection
Fungal - treat fungal infection
Decongestants
Constricting superficial blood vessels in conjunctiva
Reduce redness
- blood vessels may become more conjested than b4 taking drug
Prescriptions parts
Heading
Prescription
Physicians signature
Aqueous humor
Clear, watery fluid that fills the ac and posterior chambers within the front part of the eye
