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MIDTERMS _ 2ND SEM > PHARMA - ANGINA PECTORIS > Flashcards

PHARMA - ANGINA PECTORIS Flashcards

1
Q

A pain that occurs in the chest region during ischemic heart disease

A

Angina pectoris

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2
Q

The painful symptoms inherent to angina pectoris seem to result from the accumulation of metabolic by-products such as __

A

Lactic acid

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3
Q

Three group of drugs typically used to treat symptoms of angina pectoris

A

Organic nitrates, Beta blockers, and Calcium channel blockers

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4
Q

Consists of drugs such as Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate, Erythrityl tetranitrate, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and Amyl nitrate

A

Organic Nitrates

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5
Q

This causes vasodilation by increasing the production of cGMP within the muscle cell

A

Nitric oxide

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6
Q

It acts as a second messenger that inhibits smooth-mm contraction by initiating phosphorylation of specific contractile proteins

A

Cyclic GMP

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7
Q

The primary way that these drugs relieve angina pectoris to through their ability to decrease cardiac work, thus decreasing myocardial oxygen demand

A

Organic nitrates

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8
Q

A powerful explosive drug that is most well-known antianginal drug

A

Nitroglycerin (NBitro-bid)

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9
Q

Best method of administration of nitrogylcerin to treat an acute attack of angina

A

Sublingual

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10
Q

Long acting nitrates

A

Isosorbide Dinitrate

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11
Q

Treatment of acute episodes of angina and for the prevention of anginal attacks

A

Isosorbide Dinitrate

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12
Q

Typically given orally for prevention of anginal attacks

A

Isosorbide Mononitrate

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13
Q

Can be inhaled during acute anginal attacks

A

Amyl Nitrate

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14
Q

Adverse effects of Organic nitrates

A

Dizziness, headaches, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension

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15
Q

Decrease heart rate and the force of myocardial oxygen demand

A

Beta blockers/ beta-adrenergic blockers

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16
Q

Help certain pts c angina by maintaining an appropriate balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand by preventing an increase in myocardial oxygen demand

A

Beta blockers/ beta-adrenergic blockers

17
Q

Cardioselective beta antagonists

A
  • Atenolol (Tenormin)
  • Metropolol (Lopressor)
18
Q

Can be given to pts c angina who also have hypertension

A

Carvedilol (Coreg)

19
Q

Adverse effects include induced bronchochonstriction in pts c asthma or similar respiratory problems

A

Beta blockers / beta-adrenergic blockers

20
Q

These drugs block the entry of calcium into vascular smooth mm

A

Calcium channel blockers

21
Q

It also affect the myocardial excitability by altering the conduction of electrical activity throughout the myocardium

A

Calcium channel blockers

22
Q

Which of these affect vascular smooth mm more than myocardial tissues
- Dihydropyridine agents
- Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

Dihydropyridine agents (Nifedipine, other -ipine drugs)

23
Q

Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

Diltiazem and Verapamil

24
Q

These drugs are advantageous in the tx of pts c angina who also have certain types of cardiac arrhythmias

A

Nifedipine (Adalat) and other dihydropyridines

25
Q

It decreases calcium concentration in hear mm cells

A

Ranolazine (Ranexa)

26
Q

The effect of this drug decreases calcium concentration in heart cells via a mechanism involving the sodium-calcium exchanger

A

Ranolazine (Ranexa)

27
Q

Drug that is typically reserved for pts who have not responded adequately to more conventional agents in the tx of angina

A

Ranolazine (Ranexa)

28
Q

This inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (responsible for activating platelets during the clotting process)

A

Aspirin

29
Q

Often used during the initial or acute phase of unstable angina to prevent clot formation at atherosclerotic plaques that may have ruptured in the coronary arteries.

A

Heparin

30
Q

Adverse effect of Nifedipine and Dihydropyridine)

A

Reflex tachycardia

31
Q

Most common form of ischemic heart disease

A

Stable angina

32
Q

Myocardial oxygen demand greatly exceeds oxygen supply

A

Stable angina

33
Q

Stable angina is often referred to as ___

A

Effort / exertional angina

34
Q

First drugs used in the long-term management of stable angina

A

Beta blockers (decrease the workload of the heart)

35
Q

Drugs that can be used in the tx of stable angina:

A
  • beta blockers
  • organic nitrates
  • calcium channel blockers
  • ranolazine (ranexa)
36
Q

Oxygen supply to the myocardium decreases because of coronary artery vasospasm

A

Variant angina (Prinzmetal ischemia)

37
Q

Drugs that can be used in the tx of variant angina

A
  • calcium channel blockers
  • long acting nitrates
  • short-acting nitrates
38
Q

The most severe form of angina

A

Unstable angina

39
Q

The most serious and potentially dangerous form of angina

A

Unstable angina

MIDTERMS _ 2ND SEM (5 decks)

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