PHARMA - ANGINA PECTORIS Flashcards

1
Q

A pain that occurs in the chest region during ischemic heart disease

A

Angina pectoris

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2
Q

The painful symptoms inherent to angina pectoris seem to result from the accumulation of metabolic by-products such as __

A

Lactic acid

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3
Q

Three group of drugs typically used to treat symptoms of angina pectoris

A

Organic nitrates, Beta blockers, and Calcium channel blockers

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4
Q

Consists of drugs such as Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide Dinitrate, Isosorbide mononitrate, Erythrityl tetranitrate, Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and Amyl nitrate

A

Organic Nitrates

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5
Q

This causes vasodilation by increasing the production of cGMP within the muscle cell

A

Nitric oxide

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6
Q

It acts as a second messenger that inhibits smooth-mm contraction by initiating phosphorylation of specific contractile proteins

A

Cyclic GMP

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7
Q

The primary way that these drugs relieve angina pectoris to through their ability to decrease cardiac work, thus decreasing myocardial oxygen demand

A

Organic nitrates

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8
Q

A powerful explosive drug that is most well-known antianginal drug

A

Nitroglycerin (NBitro-bid)

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9
Q

Best method of administration of nitrogylcerin to treat an acute attack of angina

A

Sublingual

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10
Q

Long acting nitrates

A

Isosorbide Dinitrate

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11
Q

Treatment of acute episodes of angina and for the prevention of anginal attacks

A

Isosorbide Dinitrate

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12
Q

Typically given orally for prevention of anginal attacks

A

Isosorbide Mononitrate

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13
Q

Can be inhaled during acute anginal attacks

A

Amyl Nitrate

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14
Q

Adverse effects of Organic nitrates

A

Dizziness, headaches, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension

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15
Q

Decrease heart rate and the force of myocardial oxygen demand

A

Beta blockers/ beta-adrenergic blockers

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16
Q

Help certain pts c angina by maintaining an appropriate balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand by preventing an increase in myocardial oxygen demand

A

Beta blockers/ beta-adrenergic blockers

17
Q

Cardioselective beta antagonists

A
  • Atenolol (Tenormin)
  • Metropolol (Lopressor)
18
Q

Can be given to pts c angina who also have hypertension

A

Carvedilol (Coreg)

19
Q

Adverse effects include induced bronchochonstriction in pts c asthma or similar respiratory problems

A

Beta blockers / beta-adrenergic blockers

20
Q

These drugs block the entry of calcium into vascular smooth mm

A

Calcium channel blockers

21
Q

It also affect the myocardial excitability by altering the conduction of electrical activity throughout the myocardium

A

Calcium channel blockers

22
Q

Which of these affect vascular smooth mm more than myocardial tissues
- Dihydropyridine agents
- Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

Dihydropyridine agents (Nifedipine, other -ipine drugs)

23
Q

Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

A

Diltiazem and Verapamil

24
Q

These drugs are advantageous in the tx of pts c angina who also have certain types of cardiac arrhythmias

A

Nifedipine (Adalat) and other dihydropyridines

25
It decreases calcium concentration in hear mm cells
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
26
The effect of this drug decreases calcium concentration in heart cells via a mechanism involving the sodium-calcium exchanger
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
27
Drug that is typically reserved for pts who have not responded adequately to more conventional agents in the tx of angina
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
28
This inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (responsible for activating platelets during the clotting process)
Aspirin
29
Often used during the initial or acute phase of unstable angina to prevent clot formation at atherosclerotic plaques that may have ruptured in the coronary arteries.
Heparin
30
Adverse effect of Nifedipine and Dihydropyridine)
Reflex tachycardia
31
Most common form of ischemic heart disease
Stable angina
32
Myocardial oxygen demand greatly exceeds oxygen supply
Stable angina
33
Stable angina is often referred to as ___
Effort / exertional angina
34
First drugs used in the long-term management of stable angina
Beta blockers (decrease the workload of the heart)
35
Drugs that can be used in the tx of stable angina:
- beta blockers - organic nitrates - calcium channel blockers - ranolazine (ranexa)
36
Oxygen supply to the myocardium decreases because of coronary artery vasospasm
Variant angina (Prinzmetal ischemia)
37
Drugs that can be used in the tx of variant angina
- calcium channel blockers - long acting nitrates - short-acting nitrates
38
The most severe form of angina
Unstable angina
39
The most serious and potentially dangerous form of angina
Unstable angina