ASS TECH - SPINAL AND SHOE ORTHOSIS Flashcards by Rochelle Ann Mercado

Positive effects of Spinal orthosis

Trunk support, motion control, and spinal realignment

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can be accomplished by elevation of intercavitary pressure and the three point force system

trunk support

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alteration of weight bearing mechanism of the spine

Spinal realignment

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Decreased muscular activity secondary to reduced motion of the spine

Weakness and atrophy following reduced functional demands

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The lateral ends of the pelvic band lie midway between the ____ and posteriorly, the middle section lies above the ___

lateral end: greater trochanter and iliac crest, and midtrochanteric line
posterior: above the inferior edge of the sacrum below the PSIS

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LANDMARKS: Superior border - T9-T10 or 2.5cm below the IAS
lateral edges - lateral midline of the rib cage

Thoracic Band

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Size of the subclavicular pad in cowhorns c sub-clavicular pad orthosis

2 inches

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The superior border extends 1/2 in. below the clavicle when it sits

Cowhorns with sub-clavicular pads

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Superior ends of LS and TLS posterior uprights

LS: 1 inch below the IAS
TLS: lateral to the scapular spines

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It extends along the lateral midline of the torso (MTL and MAL)

Lateral Uprights

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Landmarks of Interscapular band

extends 2 inches medial to the mid axillary line
distal third of the scapula c inferior edge 1 inch above the IAS

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Superior and inferior ends of full-front abdominal support

Superior: 1/2 inch bellow the Xiphoid process
Inferior: 1/2 inch above the pubic symphysis c inferior border roughly follows the inguinal folds

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This is added in full-front abdominal support if the pt is too tall, to avoid wrinkling of the abdominal support

Additional strap

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Name the lumbosacral F-E control orthosis

Chairback

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State the posteriorly and anteriorly directed force acting during trunk flexion and extension in Chairback orthosis

Trunk Flexion:
Posteriorly: Pelvic and thoracic straps
Anteriorly: Posterior uprights
Trunk Extension:
Posteriorly: Abdominal support
Anteriorly: Thoracic and pelvic band

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Spinal orthosis same c chairback but with added lateral uprights

Knight - Lumbosacral F-E-L control orthosis

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Spinal orthosis consists of pelvic and thoracic bands joined by lateral uprights. The pelvic band is stabilized by oblique lateral uprights

Williams - Lumbosacral E-L control orthosis

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Spinal orthosis that maintains scapular retraction

Taylor - Thoracolumbosacral F-E control orthosis

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Functions:
Restricts Flexion:
Posteriorly - axillary straps and pelvic strap
Anteriorly: posterior uprights
Restricts Extension:
Posteriorly: Abdominal support
Anteriorly: Interscapular band, posterior uprights, and pelvic band

Taylor - Thoracolumbar F-E control orthosis

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Similar components c Taylor but has lateral uprights that restricts lateral rotation

Knight - Taylor (Thoracolumbosacral F-E-L control orthosis)

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Thoracolumbosacral F-L-R control orthosis

Cowhorn

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This orthosis is primarily for treating mild compression fracture of the lower thoracic and thoracolumbar regions and is not indicated for unstable and burst fracture

Jewett or Cash (Thoracolumbosacral F control orthosis) - Ant. hyperextension

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Spinal orthosis that provides the maximum orthotic immobilization and control of the spine

Plastic body jacket

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Parts of the shoe

Sole, Heel, Upper, and Reinforcements

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It lies under the anatomic heel and rests below the hell bone/calcaneus

Heel

It is used to improve the balance of the shoe, to increase the height of the wearer, to alter the posture, or for cosmetic purposes

Heel

Less than 2.5 inches leg length discrepancy - internal or external

internal heel elevation

Greater than 2.5 inches leg length discrepancy - internal or external

external heel sole elevation

Inclination in posterior heel

Pitch

forward extension of the heel that increases the BOS

Breast

Types of heel heights (indicate the measurements)

Spring - 1/8'' Oxford - 6/8'' - 8/8'' Military - 10/8'' Cuban - 12/8''

Sole that comes in contact with the floor

outer sole

Sole that lies under the foot and has a contact with the foot

inner sole

End portion of the shoe that is slightly elevated

Toe-spring

Parts of the uppers

Eyelets, Lace stay, Tongue, and, Throat

This is where eyelets are located

Lace stay

Located at the lace stay

Eyelets

End of lace

Aglets

Throat styles

Blucher, Bal/Balmoral, and Lace-to-toe

It helps keep the feet inside the shoe

Closure

Zippers and Elastic Webbing Insert

Non-adjustable closures

Elastic shoe laces, velcro flaps, and cotton laces

adjustable closures

Posterior portion above the sole and can be modified

Quarters

Type of Quarters that does not restrict ankle motions

Low Quarters

Types of Quarters that resists back-and-forth sliding

High Quarters

It guards the dorsum of the foot against trauma and falling objects

Toe box

It preserves the shape of the vamp

Toe box

A leather that preserves the shape of foot on heel

Counter

Model over which the shoe is made

Lasts

Type of Lasts used for younger children

Straight Last

Type of Last for orthopedic purposes

Regular Last

Type of shoe Internal Modification that permits the pt to transfer the orthosis from shoe to shoe

Shoe inserts

Inserts that reduces impact shock and shear, thus protecting painful or insensitive feet.

Tapered Heels

Shoe internal modification that limits longitudinal arch and prevents pes planus

Tapered Heels

These inserts are positioned medial and plantar to the longitudinal arch

Scaphoid pads

Internal modification that controls hindfoot valgus and limits subtalar motion

UCBL

Convex component that may be incorporated in an insert

Metatarsal pad

A flat strip of firm material placed posterior to the metatarsal heads

Metatarsal bar

At late stance, this external modification transfers stress from the metatarsophalangeal joints to the metatarsal shafts

Metatarsal bar

Convex transverse band affixed to the sole proximal tot he metatarsal heads. It reduces the distances the wearer must travel during stance phase

Rocker bar

Frequently prescribed external modification

Heel Wedge

External modification that alters the alignment of the rearfoot

Heel wedge

Not intended to correct deformity but only to control motion

Flare

It prevents collapse of foot

Flare

This external modification is indicated for Post-traumatic subtalar instability or in-pts c hindfoot contractures

Flare

External modification that prevents ankle sprain

Flare

External modification that produce inversion of the forefoot

Thomas heel

True of False: the closer the modification is to the foot, the less effective it is

false

Test that pushes down on the shoe. The breakpoint should be firm but not providing significant resistance

Flex test

Test that involves twisting the shoe in opposite direction

Torsion test