ASS TECH - SPINAL AND SHOE ORTHOSIS Flashcards
Positive effects of Spinal orthosis
Trunk support, motion control, and spinal realignment
can be accomplished by elevation of intercavitary pressure and the three point force system
trunk support
alteration of weight bearing mechanism of the spine
Spinal realignment
Decreased muscular activity secondary to reduced motion of the spine
Weakness and atrophy following reduced functional demands
The lateral ends of the pelvic band lie midway between the ____ and posteriorly, the middle section lies above the ___
lateral end: greater trochanter and iliac crest, and midtrochanteric line
posterior: above the inferior edge of the sacrum below the PSIS
LANDMARKS: Superior border - T9-T10 or 2.5cm below the IAS
lateral edges - lateral midline of the rib cage
Thoracic Band
Size of the subclavicular pad in cowhorns c sub-clavicular pad orthosis
2 inches
The superior border extends 1/2 in. below the clavicle when it sits
Cowhorns with sub-clavicular pads
Superior ends of LS and TLS posterior uprights
LS: 1 inch below the IAS
TLS: lateral to the scapular spines
It extends along the lateral midline of the torso (MTL and MAL)
Lateral Uprights
Landmarks of Interscapular band
- extends 2 inches medial to the mid axillary line
- distal third of the scapula c inferior edge 1 inch above the IAS
Superior and inferior ends of full-front abdominal support
Superior: 1/2 inch bellow the Xiphoid process
Inferior: 1/2 inch above the pubic symphysis c inferior border roughly follows the inguinal folds
This is added in full-front abdominal support if the pt is too tall, to avoid wrinkling of the abdominal support
Additional strap
Name the lumbosacral F-E control orthosis
Chairback
State the posteriorly and anteriorly directed force acting during trunk flexion and extension in Chairback orthosis
Trunk Flexion:
Posteriorly: Pelvic and thoracic straps
Anteriorly: Posterior uprights
Trunk Extension:
Posteriorly: Abdominal support
Anteriorly: Thoracic and pelvic band
Spinal orthosis same c chairback but with added lateral uprights
Knight - Lumbosacral F-E-L control orthosis
Spinal orthosis consists of pelvic and thoracic bands joined by lateral uprights. The pelvic band is stabilized by oblique lateral uprights
Williams - Lumbosacral E-L control orthosis
Spinal orthosis that maintains scapular retraction
Taylor - Thoracolumbosacral F-E control orthosis
Functions:
Restricts Flexion:
Posteriorly - axillary straps and pelvic strap
Anteriorly: posterior uprights
Restricts Extension:
Posteriorly: Abdominal support
Anteriorly: Interscapular band, posterior uprights, and pelvic band
Taylor - Thoracolumbar F-E control orthosis
Similar components c Taylor but has lateral uprights that restricts lateral rotation
Knight - Taylor (Thoracolumbosacral F-E-L control orthosis)
Thoracolumbosacral F-L-R control orthosis
Cowhorn
This orthosis is primarily for treating mild compression fracture of the lower thoracic and thoracolumbar regions and is not indicated for unstable and burst fracture
Jewett or Cash (Thoracolumbosacral F control orthosis) - Ant. hyperextension
Spinal orthosis that provides the maximum orthotic immobilization and control of the spine
Plastic body jacket
Parts of the shoe
Sole, Heel, Upper, and Reinforcements
It lies under the anatomic heel and rests below the hell bone/calcaneus
Heel
It is used to improve the balance of the shoe, to increase the height of the wearer, to alter the posture, or for cosmetic purposes
Heel
Less than 2.5 inches leg length discrepancy - internal or external
internal heel elevation
Greater than 2.5 inches leg length discrepancy - internal or external
external heel sole elevation
Inclination in posterior heel
Pitch
forward extension of the heel that increases the BOS
Breast
Types of heel heights (indicate the measurements)
Spring - 1/8’’
Oxford - 6/8’’ - 8/8’’
Military - 10/8’’
Cuban - 12/8’’
Sole that comes in contact with the floor
outer sole
Sole that lies under the foot and has a contact with the foot
inner sole
End portion of the shoe that is slightly elevated
Toe-spring
Parts of the uppers
Eyelets, Lace stay, Tongue, and, Throat
This is where eyelets are located
Lace stay
Located at the lace stay
Eyelets
End of lace
Aglets
Throat styles
Blucher, Bal/Balmoral, and Lace-to-toe
It helps keep the feet inside the shoe
Closure
Zippers and Elastic Webbing Insert
Non-adjustable closures
Elastic shoe laces, velcro flaps, and cotton laces
adjustable closures
Posterior portion above the sole and can be modified
Quarters
Type of Quarters that does not restrict ankle motions
Low Quarters
Types of Quarters that resists back-and-forth sliding
High Quarters
It guards the dorsum of the foot against trauma and falling objects
Toe box
It preserves the shape of the vamp
Toe box
A leather that preserves the shape of foot on heel
Counter
Model over which the shoe is made
Lasts
Type of Lasts used for younger children
Straight Last
Type of Last for orthopedic purposes
Regular Last
Type of shoe Internal Modification that permits the pt to transfer the orthosis from shoe to shoe
Shoe inserts
Inserts that reduces impact shock and shear, thus protecting painful or insensitive feet.
Tapered Heels
Shoe internal modification that limits longitudinal arch and prevents pes planus
Tapered Heels
These inserts are positioned medial and plantar to the longitudinal arch
Scaphoid pads
Internal modification that controls hindfoot valgus and limits subtalar motion
UCBL
Convex component that may be incorporated in an insert
Metatarsal pad
A flat strip of firm material placed posterior to the metatarsal heads
Metatarsal bar
At late stance, this external modification transfers stress from the metatarsophalangeal joints to the metatarsal shafts
Metatarsal bar
Convex transverse band affixed to the sole proximal tot he metatarsal heads. It reduces the distances the wearer must travel during stance phase
Rocker bar
Frequently prescribed external modification
Heel Wedge
External modification that alters the alignment of the rearfoot
Heel wedge
Not intended to correct deformity but only to control motion
Flare
It prevents collapse of foot
Flare
This external modification is indicated for Post-traumatic subtalar instability or in-pts c hindfoot contractures
Flare
External modification that prevents ankle sprain
Flare
External modification that produce inversion of the forefoot
Thomas heel
True of False: the closer the modification is to the foot, the less effective it is
false
Test that pushes down on the shoe. The breakpoint should be firm but not providing significant resistance
Flex test
Test that involves twisting the shoe in opposite direction
Torsion test
