Pharma Flashcards
1
Q
Analog of clofibrate
More active in decreasing triglycerides
A
Gemfibrozil (Iopid)
2
Q
Bis-phenol in a sulfur linkage and is highly hydrophobic
A
Probucol
3
Q
Reduces plasma cholesterol
A
Probucol
4
Q
Peripheral catabolism of VLDL and chylomicrons
Decrease triglycerides
This also targets triglycerides
A
CLOFIBRATE
5
Q
Increases bile acid secretion
A
Probucol
6
Q
No effects on triglycerides
A
Probucol
7
Q
Positive Coomb’s test associated with hemolytic anemia
A
Methyldopa
8
Q
Lactation (increase prolactin)
A
Methyldopa
9
Q
Can cause impotence in males
A
Methyldopa
Beta blockers
10
Q
Drugs that can cause lupus-like syndrome
A
Hydralazine, Methyldopa
11
Q
Rebound hypertension after sudden withdrawal
A
Clonidine (Catapres)
12
Q
Aloha blockers
A
PraZOSIN, TeraZOSIN, DoxaZOSINe
13
Q
Decreases peripheral resistance
A
Alpha blockers
14
Q
Orthostatic hypertension
A
Alpha blockers
15
Q
Blocks a1 adrenergic receptors
A
Alpha blockers
16
Q
Drug for pheochromocytoma
A
Phenoxybenzamine
17
Q
Bronchoconstriction
A
Beta blockers
18
Q
Beta blockers
A
PropanOLOL, MetoprOLOL, AtenOLOL, LabetOLOL, CarvediLOL
19
Q
Inhibit the effect of B-adrenergic stimulation
A
Renin release
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Dec PR and CO
Metabolic effects: inc insulin secretion, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis in both thebliver and the skeletal muscle
20
Q
B-blockers lowers BP by
A
Dec CO
Inhibiting the release of renin and the production of angiotensin II
Possible reducing NE release frim sympathetic neurons
Dec central vasomotor activity
21
Q
B-blockers used for
A
Portal HPN
Migraine
Aortic aneurysms (dec HR)
Post MI
22
Q
Pre eclampsia
A
Hydralazine
23
Q
Hirsutism
A
Minoxidil
24
Q
Used to treat mal baldness
A
Minoxidil
25
Direct vasodilator drugs
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Sodium nitroprusside
26
Dilates both resistance and capacitance vessels
Sodium nitroprusside
27
Used in hypertensive emergencies
Sodium nitroprusside
28
Rapid vasodilatation and hypotension
Sodium nitroprusside
29
Risk of toxicity of sodium nitroprusside
Cyanide and thiocyanide toxicity
30
Cyanide toxicity is reduced by
Sodium thiosulfate
31
Antihypertensive drugs most widely used acutely during pregnancy
Nifedipine
Labetalol
Hydralazine
Methyldopa
32
Blocks formation of angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors
33
Promoting vasodilation and decreased aldosterone
ACE inhibitors
34
Inc bradykinin and vasodilator prostaglandins by inhibiting kininase II
ACE inhibitors
35
15-20% develop dry, hacking cough (duento bradykinin or substance P)
ACE inhibitors
36
Angioedema
ACE inhbitors
37
Classifications of Diuretics
Osmotic diuretics
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics
38
Proximal convulated tubule
Acetazolamide
39
Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Loop diuretics
40
Distal convoluted tubule
Thiazides
41
Selectively inhibit NaCl reabsorption
Loop diuretics
42
Inhibit NaCl transport
Thiazides
43
Toxicity: HYPOkalemic metabolic alkalosis, ototoxicity, HYPERuricemia, HYPOmagnesemia, allergic reactions, severe dehydration, HYPERcalcemia
Loop diuretics
44
Loop diuretic drugs
Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid (not a sulfonamides)
45
Prototype drug for Thiazides
Hydrochlorothiazide
46
Thiazide drugs
Indapamide, Metolazone
47
Compete with secretion of uric acid
Thiazides
48
Enhance calcium reabsorption
Thiazides
49
A competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in thencortical collecting tubule
Spironolactone
50
Blocks Na channels in the cortical collecting tubule
Triamterene, Amiloride
51
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone (prototype), Eplerenone, Triamterene, Amiloride
52
Toxicity of Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Hypercholeremic metabolic acidosis
Gynecomastia
Acute renal failure
Kidney stone
53
Drugs that can cause gynecomastia
Cimitidine, Spironolactine, Ketoconazole
54
Osmotic diuretic drugs
Mannitol (prototype)
55
Inc tubular osmolarity, producing inc urine flow
Osmotic diuretics
56
DOC for AV nodal arrythmias (SVT)
Adenosine
57
Treatment for digitalis toxicity
K+
58
Treatment for torsade de pointes/digoxin toxicity
Mg++
59
Na-K-ATPase blocker
Inc refractory period and dec AV node conduction time
Digoxin
60
For SV arrythmias and CHF
Digoxin
61
Low molecular weight heparin
Enoxaparin
62
Acts more on factor Xa
Enoxaparin
63
Better availability, 2 to 4 times longer half-life
Enoxaparin
64
Can be administered subcutaneously without laboratory monitoring
Enoxaparin
65
Interferes with normal synthesis and y-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX and X
Warfarin
66
Affects extrinsic pathway
Warfarin
67
Acetylates and irriversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) to prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to TXA2
Aspirin
68
Inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors
Clopidogrel, Ticlopidine
69
Nitrogen mustards
Mechlorethamine
70
Alkylation
Methochlorethamine
71
Metabolized in the P450 system
Cyclophosphamide
72
Drugs for brain tumors
Carmustine, Lomustine
73
Specially toxic to beta cells of Islets of Langerhans
Streptozocin
74
Treatment for insulinomas
Streptozocin
75
Adverse effects of Nitrosureas
CNS toxicity
Nausea and vomiting
Bone marriw suppression
SKIN FLUSHING
76
Platinum coordination complex
Carboplatin, Cisplatin
77
Adverse effects of Cisplatin
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Paresthesia
AXONAL NEUROPATHY
78
Binds to double helix of DNA and for complex with it that inhibits RNA polymerase
Dactinomycin
79
For Wilm's tumor
Dactinomycin
80
Kaposi sarcoma
Dactinomycin
81
Adverse effects: bone marrow suppression, skin reactions, GI irritation
Dactinomycin
82
Drugs that can cause pulmonary fibrosis
Bleomycin or Busulfan
Amiodaron
Nitrofurantoin
Methotrexate
83
Folic acid antagonist that prevents conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and decreases synthesisnof thymidilate, aa, purine nucleotides
Methotrexate
84
Purine analog
6-Mercaptopurine
85
For ALL and AML
6-Mercaptopurine
86
Adverse effects: Bone marrow, hepatotoxicity
Used as oral
6-Mercaptopurine
87
Pyrimidine analog
Cytarabine
5-Fluorouracil
88
For treating AML only
Cytarabine
89
Inhibits thymidilate synthetase
Also inhibits RNA synthesis
5-Fluorouracil
90
For breast cancer and GI cancer
5-Fluorouracil
91
For Hodgkin's disease, testicular CA
AE: bone marrow suppression
Vinblastine
92
For hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemias, Wilm's tumor, Ewing's sarcoma
AE: peripheral neuropathy
Vincristine
93
Prevent the formation of mitotic spindle
Vinca Alkaloids
94
Inhibits topoisomerase I
Camptothecins
95
Inhibit topoisomerase II
Podophyllotoxins
96
Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II-DNA complex
Single stranded DNA breaks
Etoposide
97
Promote microtubule assembly and stabilization thus inhibiting cell division
Taxanes
98
Promotes microtubule formation butbprevents dissassembly
Malformed microtubules
Paclitaxel
99
For Ovarian and Breast CA
Paclitaxel
100
Estrogen antagonist
Tamoxifen
101
Competitive inhibitor of estradiol
Tamoxifen
102
Treatment of ER + breast ca
Tamoxifen
103
Inhibits translocation of androgen receptor to the nucleus
Flutamide
104
For prostate ca
Flutamide
105
Inhibits release of FSH and LH
Leuprolide
106
For prostate CA and endometriosis
Leuprolide
107
May trigger apoptosis and may even work on nondividing cells
Prednisone
108
Used in CLL, Hodgkin's lymphomas
Prednisone
109
Toxicities associated with steroid use
Prednisone
110
Philadelphia chromosome bcr/abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Imatinib (Gleevec)
111
Used for CML, GI stromal tumors
Imatinib (Gleevec)
112
Toxicity: fluid retention
Imatinib (Gleevec)
113
Monoclonal antibody against HER-2 (erb-B2)
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
114
Helps kill breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, possibly through antibody dependent cytotoxicity
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
115
Used for metastatic breast cancer
Tradtuzumab (Herceptin)
116
Toxicity: cardiotoxicity
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
117
Degrades asparagine
L-asparaginase
118
Childhood ALL
L-asparaginase
119
Bactericidal
```
Aminoglycosides
Quinolone
Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Carbapenems
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
```
120
All anti-TB meds are bactericidal except
Ethambutol
121
Bacteriostatic
```
Chloramphenicol
Nitrofurantoin
Clindamycin
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Trimethoprim
Lincomycin
Sulfonamides
Ethambutol
```
122
Can penetrate the CNS if meninges are inflamed (menigitis)
Penicillin
123
1st gen cephalosporins
```
CEFAdroxil
CEFAzolin
CEPHAlexin
CEPHAlothin
CEPHApirin
CEPHradin
```
124
2nd gen cephalosporins
```
CEFmetazole
CEFAclor
CEFAmandole
CEFOxitin
CEFOtetan
CEFOranide
CEFUroxime
COFOnicid
```
125
3rd gen cephalosporins
```
CefoTaxime
CefTazidime
CefTriaxone
CefbuTen
Cefoperazone
Cefixime
```
126
4th gen cephalosporin
Cefipime
127
Increased activity against pseudomonas and gram positive organisms
Cefipime
128
Resistant to B-lactamase
Carbapenems
129
Usually combined with CILASTATIN to prevent inactivation by dihydropeptidase enzyme in the brush border of proximal tubule
Imipenem
130
Adverse effects: seizures, GI effects
Imipenem
131
Binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors that inhibits peptidoglycan ploymerization
Vancomycin
132
Blocks transfer of peptidoglycan unit to growing cell wall
Bacitracin
133
For topical use only
Bacitracin
134
Analog of D-alanine 2nd line drug for TB
Cycloserine
135
Because of potential toxicity, should be employed only in well-defined and indicated conditions
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
136
Adverse reaction of Chloramphenicol
Anemia
Aplastic anemia
Gray baby syndrome
Bone marrow suppression
137
They lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase
Gray baby syndrome
138
Narrow spectrum antibiotic used as a substitute for penicillin G
Erythromycin
139
Antimicrobial activity:
Very effective against gram-positive bacteria
Bacteriostatic at low concentrations
Bacteriocidal at high concentrations
Erytnhromycin
140
Macrolide drugs
Erythromycin (prototype)
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
141
Anti-TB causing hepatitis
Pyrazinamide
142
Increased bioavailability of erythromycin
Digoxin
143
Inhibits protein synthesisnby binding to 50s subunitnof bacterial ribosome (like erythromycin)
Clindamycin
144
Exhibits cross-resistance with macrolides
Clindamycin
145
Clinical use of Clindamycin
Tx of severe anaerobic infections
Treat penetrating wounds of abdomen and gut
Female genital tract infections
Aspiration pneumonia
146
Drug thatbm is very specific for Neisseria only
Spectinomycin
147
Fluoroquinolones
Norfloxacin
Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
148
DNA gyrase inhibitor (topoisomerase II)
Fluoroquinolones
149
Modern sulfa drugs
Sulfonamides
150
PABA analog
Sulfonamides
151
Most common cause of SJS
Sulfonamides
152
Adverse effects of Trimethoprim
Megaloblastic anemia
Leukopenia
Granulocytopenia
153
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
Trimethoprim
154
Antifungal drugs
```
Amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Grieseofulvin
Terbinafine
```
155
DOC for systemic mycotic infection
Amphotericin B
156
Binds to ergosterol
Amphotericin B
157
Inhibits thymidylate synthethase
Flucytosine
158
For cutaneous chronomycoses
Flucytosine
159
Antifungals for superficial infection
```
Griseofulvin
Nystatin
Miconazole
Clotrimazole
Econazole
```
160
Inhibits microtubule function
Griseofulvin
161
Used to treat aspergillosis
Caspofungin
162
Inhibits mycolic acid
Isoniazid
163
Antifreeze
Metabolic acidosis
Ethyl glycol
164
Snowstorm blindness
Methanol
165
Adverse effects: gout, arthralgia, myalgia
Pyrazinamide
166
Adverse effects: optic neuritis or red-green blindness, gout
Ethambutol
167
Leprosy meds
Dapsone
Clofazimine
Rifampicin
168
Used for both MTB and leprosy
Rifampicin
169
Antistaphylococcal Penicillins
```
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Cloxacillin
```
170
Drug that can cause interstitial nephritis
Methicillin
171
Antipseudomonal penicillin
```
Mezlocillin
Piperacillin
Azlocillin
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
```
172
Drug that can cause platelet dysfunction
Ticarcillin
| Carbenicillin
173
Binds to outer membrane thereby disrupting membrane integrity
Aminoglycosides
174
Binds to 30s ribosomal unit
Aminoglycosides
175
Accumulat in the renal cortex and endolymph of the inne ear
Aminoglycosides
176
Postantibiotic effect: concentration dependent, explains why it can be given in single daily doses depsite the short half-life
Aminoglycosides
177
All are given IV except for neomycin which is given topically
Aminoglycosides
178
For aerobic gram negative enteric bacteria such as E coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
Aminoglycosides
179
Adverse effects: the triple punch of "a mean guy"
Ototoxicity
Nephrotixicity -> acute tubular necrosis
Neuromuscular blockade
Aminoglycosides
180
Must not take with milk or antacids that are divalent cations inhibit its absorption in the gut
Tetracyclines
181
Most common side effects of tetracyclines
Nausea and vomiting
182
Narrow spectrum antibiotic used as a substitute for penicillin G
Erythromycin
