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📍 CRACKIN' D BOARDS > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Involves production of antibodies and generation of specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens

A

Immune response

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2
Q

Molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism that provokes a specific immune response molecular weight of >10,000

A

ANTIGEN

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3
Q

Small foreign molecule that is not antigenic

Must be coupled to a carrier molecule to be antigenic

Once antibodies are formed they will recognize hapten

A

HAPTEN

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4
Q

A critical aspect of an effective immune response is the ability to avoid unleashing its destructive mechanisms against the host’s own tissues

A

DISCRIMINATION OF “self vs nonself”

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5
Q

Avoidance of othe destruction of self-tissues

Failure of self-tolerance results in autoimmune diseases

A

Self-tolerance

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6
Q

The ability of the body to fight infection and/or foreign invades that tend to damage the tissues and organs by producing antibodies or killijg infected cell

A

IMMUNITY

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7
Q

Anaphylactic type

A

Type 1

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8
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Reaction within minutes

May be systemic or localized

A

TYPE 1 (ANAPHYLACTIC TYPE; IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY)

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10
Q

Ag binds to IgE on surface of sensitized mast cell and basophils

A

TYPE 1 (ANAPHYLACTIC TYPE; IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY)

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11
Q

Present before birth

“Natural”

A

INNATE

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12
Q

Developed by exposure to pathogens or in a broader sense, antigens not recognized by the MHC

A

ADAPTIVE

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13
Q

A set of molecules displayed om cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and “antigen presentation”

The MHC molecules control the immune response through recognition of “self” and “nonself” and severe as targets in transplantation rejection

A

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

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14
Q

Composed of two polypeptide chains

About 350 amino acids long

Glycosylated

Total molecular weight of about 45kDa

A

CLASS I MHC

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15
Q

Composed of two polypeptide chains

About 230 and 240 amino acids long

Glycosylated

Molecular weights of about 33 kDa and 28 kDa

A

CLASS II MHC

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16
Q

Anatomy of a lymph node

A

Naive lymphocytes circulate between blood and lymphoid tissues; antigen in tissue arrives at draining lymph node via lymph flow and being carried by dendritic cells

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17
Q

Proteins that recognize and bind to a particular antigen with very high SPECIFICITY

A

ANTIBODIES

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18
Q

One virus or microbe may have several antigenic determinant sites, to which different antibodies may bind

A

ANTIBODIES

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19
Q

Belong to a group of serum proteins called IMMUNOGLOBULINS (Igs)

A

ANTIBODIES

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20
Q

Primary immune response

A

IgG

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21
Q

Crosses the placenta

A

IgG

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22
Q

Most versatile immunoglobulin

A

IgG

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23
Q

Major Ig in serum 75%

A

IgG

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24
Q

Only class of Ig that crosses the placenta

A

IgG

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25
Q

Opsonizes bacteria for phagocytosis

A

IgG

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26
Q

FIXES COMPLEMENT enhancing bacterial killing, secondary responses

A

IgG

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27
Q

NEUTRALIZES bacteial toxins and viruses

A

IgG

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28
Q

Found on mucosal surfaces

Secretions (saliva, sweat, tears)

A

IgA

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29
Q

Second most common serum Ig

A

IgA

30
Q

Secretory

Prevents attachment of bacterial and viruses to mucous membranes

Does not fix complement

Major antibody of milk, colostrum, saliva, semen

A

IgA

31
Q

PENTAMER

A

IgM

32
Q

Does not cross the placenta barrier

A

IgM

33
Q

The first Ig to be made by the fetus and the first Ig to be made by a naive B cells

A

IgM

34
Q

Produced before other Ig

A

IgM

35
Q

Produd in primary response

Fixes complement

Does not cross placenta

Antigeni receptor on surface of B cells

A

IgM

36
Q

Mediates immediate hypersensitivity by releasing mediators from mast cells and basophils

A

IgE

37
Q

Defends against parasitic/helminthic infections by releasing enzymes from eosinophils

A

IgE

38
Q

Does not fix complement

A

IgE

39
Q

Least common Ig

A

IgE

40
Q

Least common serum Ig since it binds very tightly to Fc receptors on basophils and mast cells even before interacting with antigen

A

IgE

41
Q

Uncertain

Found on surface of most B cells and in serum

Important in B cell activation

Functions as antigen receptors

A

IgD

42
Q

Amino terminus

A

VARIABLE REGION

43
Q

Carboxyterminus

A

CONSTANT REGION

44
Q

C3a

A

Anaphylatoxins

45
Q

C3b

A

Opsonization

46
Q

Two mechanisms of complement dependent

A

Dirct lysis by complement activation

Lysis by opsonization

47
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction characterized by production of an IgG or IgM or antibody directed against a specific target cell or tissue

A

Type II HYPERSENSITIVITY (CYTOTOXIC TYPE)

48
Q

Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils or NK cell recognized cells by Fc portion of IgG bound to cell and kill cell without phagocytosis

A

Ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

49
Q

Good pasture’s syndrome

A

Ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

50
Q

Non-cytotoxic

A

Anti-receptor antibodies

51
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Anti-receptor antibodies

52
Q
  1. Transfusion reactions
  2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS)
  3. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia
A

ANTIBODY-MEDIATED (TYPE II)

53
Q

Antibody-mediated (type II)

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

Pemphigus vulgaris

Vasculitis caused by ANCA

Goodpastures syndome

Acute rheumatic fever

Myasthenia gravis

Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

Insulin-resistant diabetes

Pernicious anemia

54
Q

Antigen-Antibody complexes produce tissue damage

A

Type III IMMUNE COMPLEX MEDIATED

55
Q

Sequela to the administration of large amound of foreign serum

A

ACUTE SERUM SICKNESS

56
Q

Localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from acute immune complex vasculitis, usually elicited in the skin

A

LOCALIZED FORM (ARTHUS REACTION)

57
Q

Lesion develops over 4-10 hours may ulcerate

A

LOCALIZED FORM (ARTHUS REACTION)

58
Q

Histo shows fibrinoid necrosis of vessels, platelet thrombosis, edema, hemorrhage, and numerous neutrophils

A

LOCALIZED FORM (ARTHUS REACTION)

59
Q

Immune complex mediated (type III)

A

SLE

PSGN

POLYARTHRITIS NODOSA

SERUM SICKNESS

ARTHUS REACTION

60
Q

Mediated by sensitized cells

A

TYPE IV (CELL MEDIATED)

61
Q

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia)

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Isolated IgA Deficiency

Hyper-IgM Syndrome

DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Hypoplasia)

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency with Thrombocytopenia and Eczema (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome)

A

Primary Immunodeficiency

62
Q

Immunodeficiency with thrombocytopenia and eczema

A

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

63
Q

Ensures that distinct microbes elicit specific responses

A

SPECIFICITY

64
Q

Enables immune system to respond to large variety of microbes

A

DIVERSITY

65
Q

Leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same microbe

A

MEMORY

66
Q

Generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

A

SPECIALIZATION

67
Q

Allows immune system to respond to newly encountered microbes

A

SELF-LIMITATION

68
Q

Prevents injury to the host during responses to microbes

A

NONREACTIVITY TO SELF

69
Q

Due to (-) or low adherence glycoprotein receptors on leukocytes –> impaired leukocyte invasion

A

LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY

70
Q

Delayed separation of umbilical cord impaired wound healing, decreased pus formation, gingivitis, cellulitis, necrotic abscess

A

LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY

71
Q

Persistent neutrophilia

Rebucj skin window test

A

LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY

72
Q

Diagnosis can often be made in infancy with the onset of a distinct neonatal rash

Furunculosis, staphylococcal pneumonias, candidiasis are typical presentations

Allergy and parasitism

Eosinophilia is a consistent findinf

Total serum IgE concentrations higher than 2000 IU/ml

The defect of neutrophil chemotaxis

A

HYPER-IgE SYNDROME or JOBS SYNDROME

📍 CRACKIN' D BOARDS (11 decks)

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