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📍 CRACKIN' D BOARDS > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Involves production of antibodies and generation of specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens

A

Immune response

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2
Q

Molecules from a pathogen or foreign organism that provokes a specific immune response molecular weight of >10,000

A

ANTIGEN

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3
Q

Small foreign molecule that is not antigenic

Must be coupled to a carrier molecule to be antigenic

Once antibodies are formed they will recognize hapten

A

HAPTEN

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4
Q

A critical aspect of an effective immune response is the ability to avoid unleashing its destructive mechanisms against the host’s own tissues

A

DISCRIMINATION OF “self vs nonself”

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5
Q

Avoidance of othe destruction of self-tissues

Failure of self-tolerance results in autoimmune diseases

A

Self-tolerance

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6
Q

The ability of the body to fight infection and/or foreign invades that tend to damage the tissues and organs by producing antibodies or killijg infected cell

A

IMMUNITY

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7
Q

Anaphylactic type

A

Type 1

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8
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Reaction within minutes

May be systemic or localized

A

TYPE 1 (ANAPHYLACTIC TYPE; IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY)

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10
Q

Ag binds to IgE on surface of sensitized mast cell and basophils

A

TYPE 1 (ANAPHYLACTIC TYPE; IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY)

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11
Q

Present before birth

“Natural”

A

INNATE

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12
Q

Developed by exposure to pathogens or in a broader sense, antigens not recognized by the MHC

A

ADAPTIVE

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13
Q

A set of molecules displayed om cell surfaces that are responsible for lymphocyte recognition and “antigen presentation”

The MHC molecules control the immune response through recognition of “self” and “nonself” and severe as targets in transplantation rejection

A

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

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14
Q

Composed of two polypeptide chains

About 350 amino acids long

Glycosylated

Total molecular weight of about 45kDa

A

CLASS I MHC

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15
Q

Composed of two polypeptide chains

About 230 and 240 amino acids long

Glycosylated

Molecular weights of about 33 kDa and 28 kDa

A

CLASS II MHC

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16
Q

Anatomy of a lymph node

A

Naive lymphocytes circulate between blood and lymphoid tissues; antigen in tissue arrives at draining lymph node via lymph flow and being carried by dendritic cells

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17
Q

Proteins that recognize and bind to a particular antigen with very high SPECIFICITY

A

ANTIBODIES

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18
Q

One virus or microbe may have several antigenic determinant sites, to which different antibodies may bind

A

ANTIBODIES

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19
Q

Belong to a group of serum proteins called IMMUNOGLOBULINS (Igs)

A

ANTIBODIES

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20
Q

Primary immune response

A

IgG

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21
Q

Crosses the placenta

A

IgG

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22
Q

Most versatile immunoglobulin

A

IgG

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23
Q

Major Ig in serum 75%

A

IgG

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24
Q

Only class of Ig that crosses the placenta

A

IgG

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25
Opsonizes bacteria for phagocytosis
IgG
26
FIXES COMPLEMENT enhancing bacterial killing, secondary responses
IgG
27
NEUTRALIZES bacteial toxins and viruses
IgG
28
Found on mucosal surfaces Secretions (saliva, sweat, tears)
IgA
29
Second most common serum Ig
IgA
30
Secretory Prevents attachment of bacterial and viruses to mucous membranes Does not fix complement Major antibody of milk, colostrum, saliva, semen
IgA
31
PENTAMER
IgM
32
Does not cross the placenta barrier
IgM
33
The first Ig to be made by the fetus and the first Ig to be made by a naive B cells
IgM
34
Produced before other Ig
IgM
35
Produd in primary response Fixes complement Does not cross placenta Antigeni receptor on surface of B cells
IgM
36
Mediates immediate hypersensitivity by releasing mediators from mast cells and basophils
IgE
37
Defends against parasitic/helminthic infections by releasing enzymes from eosinophils
IgE
38
Does not fix complement
IgE
39
Least common Ig
IgE
40
Least common serum Ig since it binds very tightly to Fc receptors on basophils and mast cells even before interacting with antigen
IgE
41
Uncertain Found on surface of most B cells and in serum Important in B cell activation Functions as antigen receptors
IgD
42
Amino terminus
VARIABLE REGION
43
Carboxyterminus
CONSTANT REGION
44
C3a
Anaphylatoxins
45
C3b
Opsonization
46
Two mechanisms of complement dependent
Dirct lysis by complement activation Lysis by opsonization
47
Hypersensitivity reaction characterized by production of an IgG or IgM or antibody directed against a specific target cell or tissue
Type II HYPERSENSITIVITY (CYTOTOXIC TYPE)
48
Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils or NK cell recognized cells by Fc portion of IgG bound to cell and kill cell without phagocytosis
Ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
49
Good pasture's syndrome
Ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
50
Non-cytotoxic
Anti-receptor antibodies
51
Myasthenia gravis
Anti-receptor antibodies
52
1. Transfusion reactions 2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS) 3. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia
ANTIBODY-MEDIATED (TYPE II)
53
Antibody-mediated (type II)
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura Pemphigus vulgaris Vasculitis caused by ANCA Goodpastures syndome Acute rheumatic fever Myasthenia gravis Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) Insulin-resistant diabetes Pernicious anemia
54
Antigen-Antibody complexes produce tissue damage
Type III IMMUNE COMPLEX MEDIATED
55
Sequela to the administration of large amound of foreign serum
ACUTE SERUM SICKNESS
56
Localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from acute immune complex vasculitis, usually elicited in the skin
LOCALIZED FORM (ARTHUS REACTION)
57
Lesion develops over 4-10 hours may ulcerate
LOCALIZED FORM (ARTHUS REACTION)
58
Histo shows fibrinoid necrosis of vessels, platelet thrombosis, edema, hemorrhage, and numerous neutrophils
LOCALIZED FORM (ARTHUS REACTION)
59
Immune complex mediated (type III)
SLE PSGN POLYARTHRITIS NODOSA SERUM SICKNESS ARTHUS REACTION
60
Mediated by sensitized cells
TYPE IV (CELL MEDIATED)
61
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia) Common Variable Immunodeficiency Isolated IgA Deficiency Hyper-IgM Syndrome DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Hypoplasia) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency with Thrombocytopenia and Eczema (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome)
Primary Immunodeficiency
62
Immunodeficiency with thrombocytopenia and eczema
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
63
Ensures that distinct microbes elicit specific responses
SPECIFICITY
64
Enables immune system to respond to large variety of microbes
DIVERSITY
65
Leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same microbe
MEMORY
66
Generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes
SPECIALIZATION
67
Allows immune system to respond to newly encountered microbes
SELF-LIMITATION
68
Prevents injury to the host during responses to microbes
NONREACTIVITY TO SELF
69
Due to (-) or low adherence glycoprotein receptors on leukocytes --> impaired leukocyte invasion
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY
70
Delayed separation of umbilical cord impaired wound healing, decreased pus formation, gingivitis, cellulitis, necrotic abscess
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY
71
Persistent neutrophilia Rebucj skin window test
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY
72
Diagnosis can often be made in infancy with the onset of a distinct neonatal rash Furunculosis, staphylococcal pneumonias, candidiasis are typical presentations Allergy and parasitism Eosinophilia is a consistent findinf Total serum IgE concentrations higher than 2000 IU/ml The defect of neutrophil chemotaxis
HYPER-IgE SYNDROME or JOBS SYNDROME

📍 CRACKIN' D BOARDS (11 decks)

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