Pharm Wk 1: Pharmokinetics 1

Question 1

What is ADME in regards to pharmokinetics?

Answer 1

A: absorption

D: distribution

M: metabolism

E: elimination/ Excretion

Question 2

What is drug absorption?

Answer 2

how does drug get into the body, many variables on how drug does get absorbed, always try to aim for oral administration

some drugs like antacids you do not want to absorb

Question 3

What is bioavailability?

Answer 3

% of the drug that reaches the blood after an administration compared to if it was injected directly into bloodstream

Question 4

How do drugs get distributed in the body?

Answer 4

Passive diffusion
transport carriers
endocytosis

Question 5

What is passive diffusion?

Answer 5

small molecules move due to concentration gradient and doesn’t require energy

Question 6

What are the two types of transport carriers?

Answer 6

1. active transport- moves a molecule against its diffusion requires energy
2. facilitated diffusion- utilizes a carrier protein to transport molecules down a diffusion gradient Ex: l-dopa is carried across BBB this way

Question 7

Endocytosis-

Answer 7

transport of molecules by the cell itself

Question 8

What factors matter to PT in regards to route of administration?

Answer 8

1. onset of action (slowest- oral, SC, IM, IV)
2. Timing of peak serum concentration/action
3. duration (half life)
4. frequency and intensity of side effects

Question 9

What are the types of parenteral administrations?

Answer 9

IV, IM, SC and intrathecal

Question 10

What is major difference between IM and IV injection?

Answer 10

IM- long acting Ex. vaccine

IV- short acting b/c directly into bloodstream

Question 11

What three things can alter absorption?

Answer 11

1. blood flow
2. available surface area/contact area
3. contact time

Question 12

What is distribution?

Answer 12

process of how the drug enters extracelluar fluid and/or tissues from the serum

Question 13

What factors affect distribution?

Answer 13

1. tissue permeability
2. blood flow
3. binding to plasma proteins
4. binding to subcelluar proteins

Question 14

What is volume of distribution?

Answer 14

is the theoretical volume of fluid a particular drug will occupy

Vd= amount of drug administered and concentration of drug in plasma

Question 15

What are three major components of water within body?

Answer 15

plasma 6% of BW, extracellular 20% of BW, total body water 60% of BW