Pharm Wk 1: Basics

Question 1

What is Pharmacotherapeutics?

Answer 1

Study of how drugs are used to prevent, treat or diagnose a disease

Question 2

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 2

Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action (what the drug does to the body)

Question 3

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 3

Study of how the body deals with the drug in terms of the way it is absorbed, distributed, and eliminated (what the body does to the drug)

Question 4

Which form of drug is less expensive generic or brand?

Answer 4

generic, law in MA that pharmacists dispense brand name whenever possible

Question 5

What criteria must be met for a generic to be bioequivalent?

Answer 5

1. same type and amount of the active ingredient
2. same administration route
3. same pharmokinetic profile
4. same therapeutic effect

Question 6

What does drug scheduling mean?

Answer 6

how addictive a certain controlled substance may be, ranked 1-6 with 1 being illegal drugs like LSD, heroine and 6 being least likely to get addicted to

Question 7

What are four stages of drug development?

Answer 7

1. preclinical testing- on animals
2. new drug application
3. human clinical testing
4. new drug approval

Question 8

What are three stages of human clinical testing?

Answer 8

1. phase 1- effects, kinetics, safe dosage
2. efficacy for specific disorder
3. safety and efficacy in large population

Question 9

what is Dose?

Answer 9

must be large enough to allow an adequate concentration to reach the target site to produce a beneficial response

Question 10

What is drug efficacy?

Answer 10

measure of a drug’s ability to produce a biological effect

Question 11

What is drug potency?

Answer 11

dose of a drug needed to produce an effect of a given intensity

Question 12

What are drug interactions?

Answer 12

what happens when we combine drugs

Question 13

what is an additive drug reaction?

Answer 13

2+2= 4, two drugs acting by different mechanisms of action may produce better pain control, can maximize clinical benefit while reducing toxicity by using high doses of one drug

Question 14

What is synergism?

Answer 14

2 + 2= 10, two drugs combined produce a much greater effect than could be expected from either drug

Question 15

What is potentiation?

Answer 15

2+2= 5, pharmodynamic- the 2 drugs combine to intensify effects

pharmokinetic- one drug could inhibit metabolism of 2nd drug so effect of 2nd drug is intensified

Question 16

What is a threshold dose?

Answer 16

where a response begins to occur and continues to increase in magnitude

Question 17

What is the ceiling effect?

Answer 17

maximal efficacy of drug

Question 18

What is drug potency?

Answer 18

potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity, if given 10 mg of Drug A and 80 mg of drug B and same affect is achieved Drug A is more potent

Question 19

What is a median effective dose?

Answer 19

dose at which 50% of population respond to drug in specified manner (ED)

Question 20

What is median toxic dose?

Answer 20

dose at which 50% of population exhibits a specific toxic adverse effect

Question 21

What is median lethal dose?

Answer 21

dose at which 50% of animal subject die

Question 22

What is a drug’s therapeutic index?

Answer 22

used as an indicator of the drug’s safety, greater the value the safer the drug is considered to be

Question 23

What is the most commonly encountered form of cross tolerance?

Answer 23

opiods

Question 24

What is tachphylaxis?

Answer 24

special form of tolerance which occurs very rapidly

ex.- nicotine is an example of a tachyphalaxic drug in that acute tolerance is demonstrated after the first dose