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Pulmonary > PHARM: Viral Pneumonia > Flashcards

PHARM: Viral Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for Influenza A and B viruses?

A

Oseltamivir (PO)

Zanamivir (inhaled)

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2
Q

What is the treatment for Influenza A virus?

A

Amantadine (PO)

Rimantadine (PO)

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3
Q

What is the treatment for RSV?

A

Ribavirin (inhalational or IV)

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4
Q

What is the treatment for Adenovirus?

A

Cidofovir (IV)

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5
Q

What is the treatment for Rhinovirus?

A

none

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6
Q

What is the treatment for Enteroviruses?

A

none

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7
Q

What is the treatment for human metapneumovirus?

A

Ribavirin (IV)

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8
Q

What is the treatment for hantavirus?

A

Ribavirin (IV)

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9
Q

What ist he reatment for varicella-zoster virus?

A

Acyclovir (IV)

Valacyclovir (PO)

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10
Q

What is the MOA of acyclovir?

A

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis (via polymerase inhibition)

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11
Q

How is acyclovir metabolized?

A

viral cells transform it into its active triphosphate form.

Systemic elimination unchanged by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

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12
Q

What are the AEs of acyclovir?

A

Headache, nausea, elevated hepatic enzymes, nasopharyngitis, neutropenia, stay hydrated to prevent kidney problems

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13
Q

What is the MOA of amantadine?

A

inhibition of viral entry or uncoating

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14
Q

How is amantadine metabolized?

A

systemic elimination unchanged by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

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15
Q

What are the AEs of amantadine?

A

Multiple: neurologic, nausea, and orthostatic hypotension

Contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma and with breastfeeding

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16
Q

What is the MOA of cidofovir?

A

Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase inhibition)

17
Q

How is cidofovir metabolized?

A

Metabolized via pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase to mono- and then diphosphate analong and finally to the monophosphate-choline

Systemic elimination by globular filtration and tubular secretion

18
Q

What are the AEs of cidofovir?

A

BBW for renal impairment/toxicity

Also neurologic, hematologic, and tubular damage

19
Q

What is the MOA of oseltamavir?

A

inhibition of release of influenza virus from infected cell

20
Q

How is oseltamavir metabolized?

A

hepatic metabolism to the carboxylate active form of the drug

Systemic elimination by globular filtration and tubular secretion

21
Q

What are the AEs of oseltamavir?

A

Minimal: potential for fatal neuropsychiatric adverse effects
Serious skin reactions (rarely)

22
Q

What is the MOA of ribavirin?

A

inhibition of viral nucleic acid synthesis

23
Q

How is ribavirin metabolized?

A

Undergoes non-CYP metabolism in nucleated cells with systemic elimination of drug and products in the URINE

24
Q

What are the AEs of ribavirin?

A

BBW for hemolytic anemia and M/F teratogenicity

Others: fatigue, headache, myalia, nausea, fever

25
Q

What is the MOA of rimantadine?

A

Inhibition of viral entry/uncoating

26
Q

How is rimantadine metabolized?

A

Extensive hepatic metabolism with renal elimination of drug and metabolites

27
Q

What are the AEs of rimantadine?

A

minimal

28
Q

What is the MOA of valacyclovir?

A

Pro-drug for acyclovir

29
Q

How is valacyclovir metabolized?

A

converted to acyclovir (and L-valine) by first pass metabolism. Systemic elimination (acyclovir) by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

30
Q

What are the AEs of valacyclovir?

A

same as with acyclovir

31
Q

What is the MOA of zanamivir?

A

inhibition of release of influenza virus from infected cell

32
Q

How is zanamivir metabolized?

A

renally eliminated unchanged

33
Q

What are the AEs of zanamivir?

A

Contraindicated with underlying pulmonary disease (can lead to fatal bronchospasm)

Other: Headache, throat/tonsil pain, cough, viral infection

Pulmonary (34 decks)

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