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Pharm > Pharm Test 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Spironolactone- (aldactone) what it does?

A

A water pill - treats edema

Prevents the body from absorbing too much salt (aldosterone)

Helps body keep potassium levels in body and not to get too low

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2
Q

Side effects of spironolactone ?

A
  • irregular heart rate
  • high potassium

Breast swelling/tenderness

Leg cramps

Difficulty having errection

Nasuea , vomiting , diarrhea , dizzy, headache

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3
Q

Side effects of hypertensive drugs? Ace inhibitors?

A

*Dry cough -most common
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia (high blood potassium

Headache

Taste disturbance

)

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4
Q

Side effects of ARBs (receptor blockers) (antihypertension)

A

Diarrhea
Dizzy
Headache

  • Hypotension
  • Hyperkalemia
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5
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers (antihypertensive )

A
  • Hypotension
  • Palpitations
  • edema in legs and feet
Constipation
Nausea 
Rash
Headache
Dizzy
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6
Q

Side effects of beta blockers (antihypertensive)

A

Impotence (can’t achieve erection/orgasm)
Dizzy

Insomnia

Lethargy

Depression

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7
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers

AntiHypertension

A

Runny nose

Pain in arms and legs

*Hypotension Drowsiness, dizzy, headache

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8
Q

Side effects of alpha beta blockers? Antihypertensive

A

No errection

Muscle weakness

  • High blood sugar
  • Dizzy, hypotension, diarrhea
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9
Q

Side effects of central acting adrenergic agents ? Antihypertensive

A

Dry mouth

Nasal congestion

Drowsiness, lethargy

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10
Q

Side effects of Vasodilators? Antihypertensive

A

Tachycardia

Chest pain

Hypernatremia (high sodium level in blood)

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11
Q

What are some health risks of taking diuretics?

A

Drop in blood pressure , sodium, dehydration, hyperkalemia (too little potassium in blood)

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12
Q

What to keep track of when one is taking diuretics?

A

Weight

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13
Q

How should you take someone’s weight with someone taking diuretics?

A 
Same time
Same clothing
Same scale 
Empty stomach 
Empty bladder 
Weigh daily
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14
Q

What is the goal of someone taking diuretics?

A

To lose fluid weight

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15
Q

How much weight is normal to lose when taking diuretics?

How much is too much?

A

2-3 a week is normal

5 or more a week is too much

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16
Q

Most common side effect of proscar ?

A

decreased labito (loss of interest in sex)

Hypotension

Edema

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17
Q

Ibuprofen side effects?

A 
GI problems
(Heartburn, nausea, upset stomach, vomiting, bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation)

Dizziness, headache, nervousness

Mild itching or rash

Ringing in your ears

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18
Q

What is narcan used for?

A

Is an opioid antagonist use for the complete or partial reversal of narcotic or opioid overdose

Can also be used for blood pressure support in septic shock

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19
Q

When do you have less potential for addiction when taking and An analgesic (painkiller) ?

A

When you only use it when you have actual pain

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20
Q

How long does it take for SSRI medications to work?

A

2 to 8 weeks or 1 to 2 months

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21
Q

What type of drug is xanax? What is it used for and side effects?

OTC?

A

This is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression

Ataxia (lack of coordination) 
Cognitive dysfunction 
Trouble urinating 
Drowsy
Skin rash
Blurred vision
Memory impairment 
Decreased or increased appetite 
Slow speech

No

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22
Q

What is the drug Elavil used for? Side effects ?

Is it otc?

A

Affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with depression (treats depression symptoms)

Side effects:
Dry mouth, drowsy, blurred vision, constipation,weight gain

Mouth pain, unusual taste, black younger
Urinating less 
Itching , rash
Breast swelling
Decreased sex drive 
Nausea vomiting 
 diarrhea

No

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23
Q

Benadryl used for?

Side effects? Classification?

Is it otc?

A

Antihistamine used to treat sneezing, runny nose, itching, watery eyes, hives, rashes, and other allergies with the common cold.

It is also used to suppress coughs , to treat motion sickness, to induce sleep, and to treat mild forms of Parkinson’s disease

Side effects:
Dizzy, constipation
Dry mouth

Difficulty urinating, enlarged prostate
Sleepiness
Headache, fatigue

Yes

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24
Q

What does naproxen do?

Side effects?

OTC ?

A

This is a NSAID (anti-inflammatory) med that reduces hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. It is used to treat pain or inflammation such as arthritis, tendinitis, gout, menstrual cramps

Side effects:
Belching
Bruising
Indigestion / stomach pain
Itching 
Pain / tightness in chest
Swelling
Headache 
Ring In ears

Yes

25
Q

What is the first question you should ask someone who is feeling depressed?

A

Are you feeling suicidal?

26
Q

What are the intended responses for antipsychotic meds?

A 
Decreased suicidal behavior
Overall behavior is improved
Symptoms such as delusions decrease
Schizophrenic symptoms decrease
Depressed mood / anxiety is decreased or corrected
Sense of well being is improved
27
Q

What should you make sure to do when someone is having a seizure?

What is not used anymore?

A

Protect them and make sure they are in a safe place

Make sure they do not aspirate

Make sure the airway is protected

Time the seizure

  • tounge blades
28
Q

This is the smell, sound, vision before one has a seizure? Can release a pheromone that only dogs can sense

A

Aura

29
Q

What is zarontin used for?

Side effects?

A

And anti-convulsant that Controls absence or petit mal seizures

Reduces the number of seizures

Side effects: 
GI problems 
Changes in behavior/ mood and mental change
Feeling sad or empty
Irritable 
Tired
Trouble sleeping
Suicidal thoughts
Trouble concentrating 
Discouragement
30
Q

What is the ground rules for patients taking antidepressants?

A

No alcohol with drug

Take it at the same time each day

31
Q

What are the benefits of benzodiazepines rather than SSRIs?

A

They work immediately or within 30 minutes of taking them.

32
Q

Morphine sulfate is used for what?

Side effects?

A

An opiod (narcotic) used to treat moderate to severe pain

Side effects: constipation
Cramps
Drowsy
False Sense of well being 
Relaxed and calm
Sleepy
Weight loss
33
Q

What is acetaminophen used for ?

Side effects ?

What can’t you take with this drug and why?

How much can you have in 24 hours?

A

An otc pain reliever and fever reducer.

Used to treat conditions such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, cold, fever.

Side effects: bloody black stools
Cloudy urine
Yellow skin
Fever chills
Pain in lower back
Rash

Can’t take with alcohol due to liver toxicity

No more than 4000mg in 24 hrs

34
Q

What to do before giving an opioid drug?

A

Before: check the order and the specific drug name carefully, check the patient’s respiratory rate and oxygen saturation ( respirations and O2)

35
Q

What to do after giving an opioid drug?

Wake resident If resp and O2 are less than ?

A

Monitor the patient’s respiratory rate and oxygen saturation for respiratory depression

Wake if respirations are less then 8 per minute and below 95%
If it doesn’t increase when awake notify charge nurse or dr.

36
Q

What is Codeine ?

Side effects?

A

An opiod pain medication used to treat mild to moderate severe pain

Side effects include:
Feeling warmth
Constipation 
Weak pulse 
Confusion
37
Q

What to do if one experiences constipation when taking an opioid such as codeine ?

A 
Give lacitives
Push fluids
Supps
Enemas
Increase fiber
Increase daily activity 
Stool softeners
38
Q

What is ambien ? (Zolpidem)

Side effects?

A

A sedative, also called a hypnotic which affects chemicals in the brain that maybe unbalanced and people with sleep problems such as insomnia.

Used to treat insomnia to help you fall asleep

Side effects: hallucinations, sleepiness, drowsy

39
Q

What is Zyrtec used for ?

Side effects?

A

An anti-histamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body that produces sneezing itchy and watery eyes and runny nose. It is used to treat cold or allergy symptoms.

Side effects: drowsiness, dizzy, headache , dry mouth , stomach pain

40
Q

What is provigil?

Side effects?

A

It is a medication that promotes wakefulness.
It alters the natural chemicals in the brain and used to treat excessive sleepiness caused by sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work sleep disorder

Side effects:
Headache , nausea , dizzy, trouble sleeping , nervousness

dry mouth, anorexia

41
Q

What is cardizem?

Side effects?

A

This is a chemical channel blocker. It relaxes the muscles of your heart and blood vessels. It is used to treat high blood pressure.

It is also used to treat angina a.k.a. chest pain

Side effects:
Body aches or pains, congestion, cough, dryness or soreness of the throat, fever, hoarseness, runny nose, tender and swollen glands in the neck, trouble swallowing, voice changes

42
Q

This effects deeper layer including the dermis, sub cutaneous tissue, the mucosa, and submucosal tissues. It is the rapid Adema, or swelling of the area beneath the skin or mucosa which is similar to hives. It can be life-threatening.

A

Angio edema

43
Q

What is an maoi used for?

What foods should you not eat with them?

A

Class of medications used to treat depression

Foods not to eat: foods with tyramine found in it such as :

Cheese, Liver, yogurt, Meats and fish, fruits and vegetables, Red wine dairy products

44
Q

These are a group of medications that dilate, Open blood vessels, which allows one to flow more easily. They are used to treat or prevent high blood pressure

A

Vasodilators

45
Q

This is the constriction of blood vessels which increase blood pressure

A

Vasoconstriction

46
Q

What is digoxin used for ?

Side effects?

A

Helps make the heartbeat stronger with more regular rhythm. Used to treat heart failure.

Side effects:

Dizziness
Changes in mood / mental alertness 
Fainting
Fast irregular heart beat
Slow heartbeat
47
Q

What to do if a patient has very low blood pressure

What is classified as low bp?

A 
Educate them :
sodium can raise bp 
Drink more water
Compression stockings
Medications

90/60 or lower

48
Q

What to do if a patient has very high blood pressure?

A 
Inform doctor / charge nurse 
Loose weight 
Reduce salt intake
Regular excercise 
Stop smoking 
Medications 
Manage stress
Decrease alcohol intake
49
Q

What is normal bp?

A

120/80 or below

50
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

51
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159/90-99

52
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

160/100 or higher

53
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

180/110 or higher

54
Q

What to teach some one new to seizures?

A

Notify their prescriber asap of seizures activity increases in any way or allergic reactions develop after taking an anti seizure med.

Wear dark sun glasses in bright light when taking zarontin- due to eye sensitivity

Never suddenly stop taking seizures meds because seizures could occur

Take drugs with food if GI problems occur

Dilantin can cause extra growth of the gums - see dentist regularly

Drugs for generalized and partial seizures interfere with birth control pills

Avoid grapefruit with any anti seizure med due to increasing effects of drugs

Avoid stress because it can trigger seizures

55
Q

What are corticosteroids used for ?

Side effects??

A

Used to provide relief for inflamed areas of the body. They treat swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reaction’s

Side effects:

High blood sugar
Weight gain
Diabetes symptoms 
Increased fluid and sodium retention 
Stomach ulcers 
Cataracts 
Infections
Thinning bones
56
Q

What do adreneric drugs do?

Side effects?

A

Stimulate the (sympathetic nervous system) fight or flight nerves but either mimicking the action of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine or stimulating it’s a release. They are used for many life-threatening conditions.

Rapid heart beat
Sweating
Nervousness
Hallucinations 
Sleep disturbances 
Paleness
57
Q

Block adrenaline (epinephrine) in the automic nervous system

Side effects?

A

Adrenergic blocking drugs

Side effects: heart failure , low bs , low pulse, heart block

58
Q

This is a muscle stimulator that are used to diagnose and treat a disease that causes severe muscle weakness.

Side effects:

A

Cholinergic drugs

Side effects:
Slow heart beat, muscle weakness, convulsions, Weak breathing, increase stomach acid and saliva

59
Q

Anticholinergic meds are used for what?

Side effects?

A

Used to treat incontinence, depression, and sleep disorders , copd , reduce swelling , open airways

Side effects:
Dry mouth, cough, headache

Blurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, urinary retention, dizziness due to hypertension , confusion, heart rhythm disturbance, increased heart rate

Pharm (10 decks)

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