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Pharm > Chapter 2 Safely Giving Meds > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Safely Giving Meds Flashcards

1
Q

These people mix and dispense drugs

A

Pharmacists

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2
Q

These ppl give drugs directly to patients

A

Nurses

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3
Q

What are the 6 rights of safe drug administration?

A 
Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
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4
Q

What can you do to be sure you have the correct patient when passing meds?

A

Ask them who they are (if alert)

Compare name , dob , and ID wristband with the MAR

Use pictures in long term care

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5
Q

What can you do to be sure you have the right drug when passing meds?

A

Compare drug you are about to administer with the drug order

Don’t mix the drug up with a similar drug name

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6
Q

What can you do to be sure you document right ?

A

Record drug administration immediately

Especially for PRN drugs

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7
Q

A patient has a right to refuse… but if they do you must do what ?

A

Explain to them what the drug is prescribed for

Explain consequences if they refuse

Document the refusal as well as the patients understanding of consequences

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8
Q

Know the patients right diagnosis

How ?

A

Check lab results

Check vitals before and after giving med

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9
Q

Right dose , right dose , and time

  • what Information is needed for a written Prescription ?
A 
Date
Patient name
Name and address of prescriber
Generic or brand name of drug 
Strength of drug
Number of times per day to take drug
Specific drug instructions for use
Number of doses to be dispensed
Number of refills allowed
Prescribers signature
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10
Q

What are the Type of drug orders ?

A

Standing
PRN
Single dose
STAT (immediately)

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11
Q

What are the different Drug errors ?

A

Omission error(something missing)

Wrong patient 
Wrong dose
Wrong route
Wrong rate
Wrong dosage form
Wrong time
Error in preparation of dose
Not
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12
Q

How do you prevent drug errors ?

A

Follow the 6 rights

Check dosage calculations with a coworker

Listen to the patient who questions a drug or dosage

Avoid distractions

Use bar code systems

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13
Q

How soon should you report a drug error?

A

Immediately

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14
Q

What should you do if a patient was given the wrong med?

A

Watch for adverse reactions

Notify the prescriber

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15
Q

Principles of administrating drugs

A

Know drug uses, actions, adverse reactions, precautions

Know patients drug history, allergies , changes in patients condition

Check prescribed limitations before administration

Always listen to patients

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16
Q

Guidelines for giving drugs :

Always check the ______ _______ first

Limit ________

_______ your hands

Keep drugs where until administrating ?

Avoid touching ______

A

Written order

Distractions

Wash

In their containers or wrappers

Medications

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17
Q

Guidelines for giving drugs:

Never _____ tablets or _____ capsules with out checking a drug guide/order

Never give drugs prepared by
_____

Use ____needles and syringes

Be alert for drug names that ____ alike

A

Crush/open

Someone else

Sterile

Sound

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18
Q

Guidelines for giving drugs :

Always _____ after administration of a drug

Check the patients for _____

A

Document

Effects

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19
Q

What are oral enteral drugs ordered as ?

What are the medications forms?

Patient must be able to ______

Onset of action is _____

A

PO

Tablets, liquid, capsules

Swallow

Slow

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20
Q

How to give oral enteral drugs ?

Sit patient _____ with a full glass of _____

Explain ____ and any special instructions

Stay where until patient swalllows med?

Never leave meds where?

A

Upright/water (drink whole glass)

Drug

Stay next to them

At bedside to take later

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21
Q

Giving oral enteral drugs :

Oral liquid drugs - use what to measure ? Hold at ____ level

The base of meniscus should be level with line on _____

A

Calibrated device /cup for correct dose / -hold at eye level

Scale

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22
Q

How to give NG or PEG enteral drugs :

Meds can be ____ and capsules can be ____

Place patient _____

Check ______ placement

_____liquids , ______ and _____ tablets _____ and _____ capsules

Let drugs run in by _____

Flush with at least ____ ml of water to prevent what?

Clamp tube ___ minutes before reattaching to suction

A

Crushed , opened

Upright

Tube

Dilute , crush and dissolve , empty and dissolve

Gravity

50mL , clogging tube

30 minutes

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23
Q

Who should take rectal enteral drugs ?

What forms are there?

A

Patients who are unable to swallow or have severe nausea and vomiting.

Suppositories, enemas

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24
Q

What to check for before giving rectal drugs ? What

A

Check for health problems that could make this route undesirable

25
Q

What do bring with with you before giving rectal meds ?

A

Bring drug, water -soluble lubricant, disposable gloves

26
Q

What position should the patient be when giving rectal meds ?

A

The left sims position

27
Q

Retail meds - protect patients _________

Explain _______

A

Privacy

Procedure

28
Q

Rectal drugs -

Put on ______

______ drug

_______ drug and finger

A

Gloves

Unwrap drug

Lubricate

29
Q

How far to push rectal drug into rectum?

A

About 1 inch

30
Q

What to instruct patient to do after giving rectal med?

A

Stay on side for 20 minutes

31
Q

This drug is injected through skin -

By Intradermal , subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous

A

Parenteral drugs

32
Q

What are the 4 primary reasons for parenteral drug use?

A
  1. Not able to take oral drugs
  2. Need drug to act fast
  3. Need for constant blood drug level monitoring
  4. Some drugs such as insulin are not available in oral form
33
Q

4 Guidelines of giving parenteral drugs?

A
  1. Wear drugs
  2. Use needles and syringes safely
  3. Do not recap needles; dispose of needles and syringes in sharps containers
  4. Many needles have safety sheaths
34
Q

Most common injection site of intradermal drugs?

A

Inner part of forearm

35
Q

Primary or main uses /reasons for intradermal drugs ?

A

Allergy testing , local anesthetics, testing for tuberculosis

36
Q

4 guidelines of giving intradermal injections ?

A
  1. wear gloves and cleanse site
  2. insert needle at 15 degree angle with bevel up
  3. insert drug to form little bump
  4. Do not massage !
37
Q

Common subcutaneous injection sits?

A

Upper arms

Abdomen

Upper back

38
Q

Common type of subcutaneous drugs?

A

Insulin

Heparin

39
Q

Subcutaneous injections :

You should rotate or keep same injection site

A

Rotate

40
Q

Subcutaneous injections:

Inset needle at what degree angle?

A

45 to 90 degrees

41
Q

Subcutaneous injections:

What to do to prevent bleeding?

A

Apply pressure afterward

42
Q

Common intramuscular injection sites

A

Deltoid

Vastus lateralis

Dorsogluteal

43
Q

Intramuscular injections :

Rotate sites or stay the same ?

A

Rotate sites

44
Q

Intramuscular injections:

Insert needle at what degree angle?

A

90 degree angle

45
Q

Intramuscular injections:

What to do with the plunger?

A

Aspirate

46
Q

Intramuscular injections:

What method should you use for drugs that irritate subcutaneous tissue?

A

Z-track tissue

47
Q

Intramuscular injections:

How to prevent bleeding after injection?

A

Apply pressure

48
Q

This is a direct injection into the vein ?

A

Intravenous drugs

49
Q

What is intravenous drugs used for ?

A

Used for rapid administration of drugs is needed

50
Q

What method is used with intravenous injection?

A

IV push or IV piggyback

51
Q

What to document with intravenous drugs?

A

Document site and flow rate

52
Q

What to observe with intravenous injections ?

A
  • Observe site for infection

- Extravasation or infiltration

53
Q

This type of drug is applied and absorbed through the skin and mucus membranes for local effects

A

Percutaneous

54
Q

Percutaneous :

Applied directly to the skin for local effects such as creams lotions and Ointments

A

Topicals

55
Q

Percutaneous:

Applied to the skin but It enters through the bloodstream such as patches

A

Transdermal

56
Q

Percutaneous digs:

What are some examples of giving these drugs through mucus membranes?

A

Buccal or sublingual drugs in mouth

Drops or ointments in eyes ears or mouth

Inhalation drugs drawn into lungs

Supps and creams in the vagina

57
Q

How to : giving ear drops to a child younger than 3 years old

A

Pull ear lobe down and back to straighten ear canal

58
Q

How to: give ear drops to older children And adults ?

A

Pull ear lobe up and out to straighten the ear canal

Pharm (10 decks)

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