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Pharm > Chapter 1 Drug Actions > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Drug Actions Flashcards

1
Q

Any small molecule that changes a body function by working at the chemical and cell levels

A

Drug

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2
Q

What two words can mean the same thing but can be misused or abused ?

A

Drug and medication

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3
Q

A plan to prevent or improve a health problem that includes the use of drugs

A

Drug therapy

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4
Q

Chemicals that the body makes

A

Intrinsic drugs

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5
Q

Drugs the body does not make

A

Extrinsic

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6
Q

Study of extrinsic drugs and how they work

A

Pharmacology

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7
Q

All drugs affect what in the body?

A

A tissue or organ

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8
Q

A function that occurs when a drug is taken-Minor changes in the body

A

Side effects

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9
Q

This is determined by balancing the benefit of therapeutic effects against the seriousness of side effects of a drug

A

Drug safety

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10
Q

Drug names:

Used by chemists and manufactures , not by health care providers

A

Chemical name

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11
Q

Drug names:

Used by pharmacists, prescribers, nurses, other health care professionals/ may resemble chemical composition

A

Generic name

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12
Q

Drug names:

Proprietary name and trade name .

Assigned by drug manufacturer
First letter capitalized and followed by R or TM

A

Brand name

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13
Q

Drug categories

-which one can be very dangerous?

A

OTC drugs
Prescription drugs
Herbals

-herbals

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14
Q

This drug regulation develops manufacturing standards

It promotes purity strength packaging and labeling

A

United States Pharmacopeia USP

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15
Q

Enforces standards set by the USP

A

food and drug administration (FDA)

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16
Q

Who does the USP and FDA work together with to protect the public?

A

The US Congress and US Supreme Court

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17
Q

The study of ways in which drug affects the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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18
Q

Exactly how long a drug works to change a body function

A

Mechanism of action

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19
Q

A target for a drug

A

Receptors

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20
Q

What type of receptors are there?

A

Receptor agonists

Receptor antagonists

Non-receptor responses

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21
Q

Intended action or therapeutic response

A

Desired effect that improves the body function

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22
Q

The changes in body function that were not the intended action

A

Side effects

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23
Q

Harmful side effects also known as toxic effect or toxicity

A

Adverse effect or adverse drug reaction ADR

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24
Q

A warning printed on the package that means a drug may produce serious or even life-threatening effects and some people in addition to its beneficial effects

A

Blackbox warning

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25
Q

This adverse effect produces inflammatory reactions

A

Allergic response

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26
Q

What is the most severe allergic response?

A

Anaphylaxis

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27
Q

Unexpected adverse effects based on the patient’s genetics

The affect has nothing to do with the drugs mechanism of action

A

Personal/ idiosyncratic response

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28
Q

The study of how the body uses and changes drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

29
Q

The lowest blood level needed to cause the intended action of a drug

A

Minimum effective concentration MEC

30
Q

The level of blood has to be maintained by balancing drug entry with drug elimination this balance, is known as what?

A

Steady-state

31
Q

This is how long a drug remains in the blood at the MEC?

A

Duration of action

32
Q

This is the strength of the intended action produced at a given dose

A

Potency

33
Q

Drug entry is equal to drug elimination

Balanced or unbalanced?

A

Balanced

34
Q

Drug elimination is greater than drug injury. Body level of drug is too low to be effective

Balanced or unbalanced?

A

Unbalanced

35
Q

Druggie limitation is slower than drug entry. Body level of drug is high enough for toxic effects to occur

A

Unbalanced

36
Q

Movement of drug from outside of the body to the bloodstream

A

Absorption

37
Q

This is the route to give me drugs through the skin or mucous membranes?

A

Percutaneous route

38
Q

This is the route to give drugs through the G.I. tract or stomach

A

Enteral route

39
Q

This is the route to get drugs by injecting into the body

A

Parenteral route

40
Q

Extent that drug spreads into specific compartments

A

Distribution

41
Q

A drug is distributed into what three areas?

A

Blood
Interstitial space
Intracellular space

42
Q

This is the compartment that drugs distribute to that is made up of the spaces of arteries, veins, and capillaries

A

Bloodsteam

43
Q

The second compartment that drugs distribute to includes both the blood volume and watery spaces between all body cells

A

Interstitial space

44
Q

This is the largest compartment that drugs distribute to which include the blood volume and watery spaces between the cells, and the space inside the cells

A

Intracellular space

45
Q

This is a chemical reaction in the body that changes the chemical shape and content of the drug . It makes it easier to eliminate the drug

A

Metabolism

46
Q

Metabolism occurs in what body organs ?

A

Mainly- Liver and kidneys

47
Q

Metabolism eliminates where?

A

Lungs , kidneys, gi tract

48
Q

When a drug is given orally, some of the drug is metabolized quickly by the liver and rapidly eliminated from the body. This rapid elimination of oral drugs is called what?

A

First pass loss

49
Q

What is hepatotoxicity?

A

Liver damage

50
Q

What is nephrotoxicity?

A

Kidney toxic

51
Q

This is the time span needed for one half of a single drug dose given to be eliminated

A

Half-life

52
Q

This is the point at which drug elimination his balance with the drug entry

A

Steady state

53
Q

This is when the first prescribed dose is larger than the rest of the prescribe doses?

what is the reason for this?

A

Loading dose

It is used to get the blood level up to the MEC (range in blood that allows the intended actions to occur) as fast as possible.

54
Q

This is the maximum blood drug level (like top of a mountain)

A

Peak

55
Q

This is the lowest or minimal blood drug level

A

Tough

56
Q

What are some considerations when giving meds to children?

A

Children are smaller than adults

Most drugs are given in smaller doses in proportion to the child size and weight

57
Q

With children, some prescribed drug doses are based on what?

And prescribed in?

A

BSA body surface area

Milligrams and kilograms

58
Q

Drugs that have a specific type of effect on adults may have the opposite effect on children. These effects are called what?

A

Paradoxical effect

59
Q

Drugs can also impact what in children?

A

Development

60
Q

Infants new born may have slower metabolism due to ?

A

Organ not being fully active yet.

61
Q

Toddler to school aged children have a higher metabolism than adults and may need a _____ dose how often ?

A

Lower dose

More frequently due to elimination

62
Q

Older adults may have _____ damage which results in _____ metabolism and elimination of drug

A

Liver

Slower

63
Q

what is needed for optimal drug therapy?

A

Effective heart, adequate blood pressure, good oxygenation

64
Q

Pregnancy some drugs may cross the what and affect the unborn baby?

A

Placenta

65
Q

These are drugs that can cause birth defects

A

Teratogens

66
Q

What are the pregnancy categories of drugs?

A

A Not predicted to increase risk

B Now likelihood of increasing risk

C Moderate likelihood of increasing risk

D High likelihood of increasing risk

E Insufficient data to assess the likelihood of increasing risk

67
Q

What to remember when breast-feeding and taking drugs?

A

Some drugs cross into breastmilk

68
Q

What can drugs interact with?

A 
Extrinsic drugs
Intrinsic drugs
Food
Vitamins 
Herbal compounds

Pharm (10 decks)

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