Pharm random facts

Question 1

What is an example of a noncompetitive antagonist?

Answer 1

Phenoxybenzamine on alpha-receptors

Question 2

What is an example of a competitive antagonist?

Answer 2

Flumazenil on GABA receptor

Question 3

What is an example of a partial agonist?

Answer 3

Buprenorhine at opioid mu-receptors

Question 4

How do you calculate the therapeutic index?

Answer 4

TD50/ED50 (median toxic dose/median effective dose)

Question 5

alpha-1

Answer 5

Gq, increases vascular smooth muscle contraction, increased pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), increased intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction

Question 6

alpha-2

Answer 6

Gi, decreased sympathetic outflow, decreased insulin response, decreased lipolysis, increased platelet aggregation, decreased aqueous humor production

Question 7

beta-1

Answer 7

Gs, increased HR, increased contractility, increased renin release, increased lipolysis

Question 8

beta-2

Answer 8

Gs, vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased lipolysis, increased insulin release, decreased uterine tone (tocolysis), ciliary muscle relaxation, increased aqueous humor production

Question 9

M1

Answer 9

Gq, CNS, enteric nervous system

Question 10

M2

Answer 10

Gi, decreased heart rate and contractility of atria

Question 11

M3

Answer 11

Gq, increased exocrine gland secretions, increased gut peristalsis, increased bladder contraction, bronchoconstriction, increased pupillary sphincter muscle contraction, ciliary muscle contraction

Question 12

D1

Answer 12

Gs, relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

Question 13

D2

Answer 13

Gi, modulates transmitter release, especially in brain

Question 14

H1

Answer 14

Gq, increased nasal and bronchial mucus production, increased vascular permeability, contraction of bronchioles, pruritis, pain

Question 15

H2

Answer 15

Gs, increased gastric acid secretion

Question 16

V1

Answer 16

Gq, increased smooth muscle contraction

Question 17

V2

Answer 17

Gs, increased H2O permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules of kidney

Question 18

Which receptor works through Phospholipase C?

Answer 18

Gq (H1, alpha-1, V1, M1, M3)

Question 19

Which receptors work through Adenylyl cyclase

Answer 19

Gs activates it (beta-1, beta-2, D1, H2, V2). Gi inhibits it (M2, alpha-2, D2)

Question 20

How does Gq work?

Answer 20

Receptor activates phospholipase C, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3. DAG activates Protein kinase C. IP3 increases the intracellular calcium which causes smooth muscle contraction and also activates PKC

Question 21

How does Gs work?

Answer 21

Receptor activates adenylyl cyclase, which increases cAMP, which activates protein kinase A, which increases calcium (in the heart) and inhibits myosin light-chain kinase (in smooth muscle)

Question 22

What should you think of if you see temperature dysasthesia?

Answer 22

Ciguatoxin (from reel fish, eg. barracuda, snapper, moray eel). Works by opening Na channels causing depolarization.