Pharm questions

Question 1

1. Describe the differences in the various nervous systems (somatic, autonomic, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric).

Question 2

2. Discuss the differences in “fight-or-flight” and “rest-and-digest” mode.

Question 3

3. Differentiate the PNS and SNS in terms of response, neurotransmitters, receptors, and anatomy.

Question 4

4. Note the function of chain ganglia, and how they are similar to PNS plexi.

Question 5

5. Define the following: sympathomimetic, parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic), parasympathoplegic, sympathoplegic (α and β blockers).

Question 6

6. List the ANS receptors and receptor subtypes, including second messengers.

Question 7

7. Name the major types and subtypes of autonomic receptors and the tissues in which they are found.

Question 8

8. Compare the autonomic and hormonal feedback loops in terms of mean arterial pressure changes.

Question 9

9. Describe the organ system effects of stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems.

Question 10

10. List innervation to skeletal muscle blood vessels.

Question 11

11. Draw the structure of the neuron and the synapse.

Question 12

12. List the six main classes of neurotransmitters and give examples of each.

Question 13

13. Recall the function of three CNS neurotransmitters in emotion.

Question 14

14. List three types of synapses described in lecture.

Question 15

15. Describe the possible fate of neurotransmitters in the synapse.

Question 16

16. Note the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Question 17

17. Describe the formation, transport, and enzymatic cleavage of acetylcholine.

Question 18

18. Diagram the steps of ACh and NE in their transport, storage, release, and degradation. Include the proteins involved and their roles.

Question 19

19. List targets for drug action in the synapse and examples.
    Cholinomimetics and Antimuscarinics

Question 20

1. List the major clinical uses of cholinomimetic agonists.

Question 21

2. Describe the pharmacodynamic differences between direct-acting and indirect acting cholinomimetic agents and give examples of each.

Question 22

3. Describe the differences between a nicotinic and cholinergic receptor.

Question 23

4. List the effects of cholinomimetics in the major organ systems.

Question 24

5. Define the different types of glaucoma and the use of cholinomimetics.

Question 25

6. List the major signs and symptoms of (1) organophosphate insecticide poisoning and (2) acute nicotine toxicity.

Question 26

7. Describe the function of acetylcholinesterase, drug targets, and organophosphate aging.

Question 27

8. Describe the effects of atropine on the major organ systems.

Question 28

9. List the signs, symptoms, and treatment of atropine overdose.

Question 29

10. Recall the use of cholinomimetics in diseases such as myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, and post-operative ileus.

Question 30

11. List the major clinical indications and contraindications for the use of muscarinic antagonists such as atropine.

Question 31

12. Describe the effects of the two different types of nicotinic antagonists.

Question 32

13. Name the two categories of muscle relaxants.

Question 33

14. Differentiate depolarizing and non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, and give examples of each.