Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm Test 2 > 09/11 > Flashcards

09/11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system divided into?

A

Afferent and Efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Afferent goes

A

towards the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Efferent goes

A

away from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the CNS is made of the

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the PNS is made of the

A

Everything outside of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Afferent is made up of

A

many different sensors in the body that send information to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Efferent is made up of:

A

Somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the somatic nervous system controls the

A

skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the autonomic nervous system can be further broken down into the:

A

Parasympathetic
sympathetic
enteric nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls the

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Not under conscious control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sympathetic responses are the

A

fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does blood shift to during a sympathetic response?

A

heart and muscles, lungs
increases the HR and BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasympathetic response is the

A

rest and digest response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

blood shunts to the _____ in the parasympathetic response

A

endocrine
GI
urogenital
“rest and digest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which response is running all of the time and which response is only running when needed?

A

Sympathetic runs all the time
Parasympathetic only kicks in to bring the body back to normal and then it shuts back off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Craniosacral nerves form the

A

Parasympathetic side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thoracolumbar nerves form the

A

sympathetic side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most important cranial nerve in the parasympathetic side and what does it do?

A

Cranial nerve 10 the vagus nerve
it slows down the heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sympathetic Preganglionic fibers are

A

short
originate from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord
Ganglia are found close to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sympathetic Postganglionic fibers are

A

long
originate from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord
Ganglia are found close to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic nerves are

A

long
orginate in the brain and sacral spinal cord
the ganglia are found in the visceral effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic nerves are

A

short
orginate in the brain and sacral spinal cord
the ganglia are found in the visceral effector organs

25
what percent of all the parasympathetic output goes through the vagus nerve?
75%
26
Where are the two places that epinephrine can be released during fight or flight?
Adrenal gland CNS
27
Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
**sympathetic** * widespread impact * reaches organs and tissues throughout the body **Sympathetic** * innervates only specific visceral structures * effects are shorter lived (bc they're stopped after homeostasis is reached)
28
ANS axons are a
2 neuron chain -preganglionic(1st) -postganglionic(2nd)
29
Preganglionic fibers all release
ACh
30
Postganglionic fibers release
norepinephrine or ACh, their effect is either stimulatory or inhibitory
31
In skeletal muscle, there are no
ganglion
32
all of the parasympathetic system release
ACh
33
Largely, sympathetic releases ______ but can also release ______
norepinephrine ACh
34
What is a direct sympathomimetics?
a drug that mimics the sympathetic nervous system
35
What are sympathomimetic examples?
epinephrine norepinephrine isoperterinol
36
What are indirect sympathomimetic examples?
Ephedrine amphetamine They don't bind to the receptor they just make it so that we have more norepinephrine in the synapse for a longer period of time
37
inotropic cardiac effects
force
38
chronotropic cardiac effects
rate
39
sympatholytics
inhibit the sympathetic nervous system can inhibit either alpha or beta receptors or both
40
What binds to cholinergic receptors?
muscarine nicotine
41
What binds to adrenergic receptors?
alpha beta dopamine
42
What are the subtypes of muscarinic?
Muscarinic 1-5
43
What are the subtypes of nicotinic?
Nicotinic Nn nuronal Nicotinic Nm muscular
44
What are the subtypes of Alpha?
alpha 1 alpha 2
45
What are the subtypes of beta?
Beta 1-3
46
What are the subtypes of dopamine?
D1-5 Da1-2
47
Endogenous ligands or any sympathomimetic that bind to adrenergic receptor alpha stimulate what?
Alpha 1 and alpha 2
48
Endogenous ligands or any sympathomimetic that bind to adrenergic receptor alpha1 stimulate what?
Gq This activates phospholipase C- activates IP3 and Diacylglycerol (DAG)
49
Endogenous ligands or any sympathomimetic that bind to adrenergic receptor alpha2 stimulate what?
Gi (inhibitory) this inhibits adenlyate cyclase- decreases CAMP
50
Endogenous ligands or any sympathomimetic that bind to adrenergic receptor beta stimulate what?
beta 1 beta 2
51
Endogenous ligands or any sympathomimetic that bind to adrenergic receptor beta1 stimulate what?
Gs(stimulatory) Stimulates Adenylate cyclase- increases CAMP
52
Endogenous ligands or any sympathomimetic that bind to adrenergic receptor beta2 stimulate what?
Beta3
53
Alpha 1 gq pathway in the periphery
1. Norepi binds 2. activates G-protein 3. G-Protein activates Phospholipase C 4. Activates second messengers: DAG, IP3 5. IP3 goes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum where Ca++ is stored in the cell 6. Calcium channels are opened and Ca++ is released into the cell * secondary effect: ECF Ca++ influxes through L and T type Ca++ channels 7. Ca++ activates MLCK 8. MLCK phosphorolates Myosin 9. Smooth muscle cell contraction= Increase in BP **Secondary Pathway** 1. DAG activates Protein kinase C 2. Protein kinase C inhibits MLCP= More myosin is allowed to be phosphorolated
54
Where are most of our Alpha 1 receptors found?
in the smooth musculature that surrounds the blood vasculature.
55
Beta 1=
Heart
56
Norepinephrine binding to sympathetic nerve pathway in the heart
1. Norepinephrine binds to beta1 2. B1 stimulates adenylyl cyclase 3. adenylyl cyclase turns ATP into CAMP 4. CAMP activates protein kinase A 5. Protein Kinase A influxes ECF Ca++ & releases Ca++ from Sarcoplasmic reticulum 6. increased Ca++ = increased forcable contraction
57
Beta 2 stimulation in the periphery
1. Norepinephrine binds to beta2 2. B2 stimulates adenylyl cyclase 3. adenylyl cyclase turns ATP into CAMP 4. CAMP inhibits MLCK= less myosin is allowed to be phosphorolated 5. Relaxation happens
58
What are NANC neurons
Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic
59
Describe the autonomic feedback loop for MAP

Pharm Test 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions