Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Test 2 > 09/25 > Flashcards

09/25 Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for special sympathomimetics?

A

indirect sympathomimetics

i.e. cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is tyramine?

A

a precursor to tyrosine (an amino acid)
high in fermented food
releases catecholamines and metabolized by MAO

don’t eat fermented food if you are on MAOIs- will increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you pick a sympathomimetic?

A

by choosing which receptor activation you want, Alpha, Beta, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the target when maintaining blood pressure?

A

Maintain blood flow to the heart, kidneys, and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if you have a hypotensive emergency that has nothing to do with the heart, which type of drug do you want to take?

A

direct acting alpha agonists

i.e. norepinephrine or phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If you have a patient in cardiogenic shock, what body system do you want to target?

A

the heart.
This is a heart problem not a PVR problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a good drug choice for non-MI related hypotension?

A

volume replacement
vasoconstrictors or vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alpha receptor agonists can be used in surgery to help achieve:

A

hemostasis
reduction in diffusion of local anesthetics

it constricts the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What receptor do you want to target in bronchial asthma?

A

Beta 2 agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In complete heart block and cardiac arrest, what is the target?

A

vasodilation of coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epi targets both

A

alpha and beta receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where alpha 1 agonists increase bp, alpha 2 agonist

A

decrease BP in the CNS
increase BP in the PNS

overall effect of decreasing blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clonidine is an alpha 2 agonists and has some use in sedation and:

A

hemodynamic instability during anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

phentolamine is a competitive antagonist for which receptors?

A

alpha 1 and alpha 2

this means they have a reduction in PVR=reduced BP
and some cardiac stimulation, increased HR d/t compensatory mechanisms from decreased BP and Increase in NE release from the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is phentolamine used for?

A

lower blood pressure
pheochromocytoma
Erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is priaprism?

A

an erection that does not go away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens when you give an alpha agonist
beta agonist
mixed agonist

A

phenylephrine: increased BP
Epinephrine: increased BP Increased HR
Isoproterenol: decreased BP increased HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens when you give an alpha antagonist all by itself?

A

Phentolamine: Nothing really, constituent level of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when you give a beta agonist before an alpha antagonist?

A

Epinephrine before Phentolamine: Decreases the effects of Epinephrine= overall you have slightly higher BP and HR but not as high as it would be if you only gave Epi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What would happen if you gave a beta agonist after an alpha antagonist?

A

Epinephrine after phentolamine: never really see the increased effects of Epi. Epi can outcompete if you give enough

21
Q

What is used to treat BPH?

A

-Osin drugs

22
Q

If it is a non-selective drug for alpha 1 or alpha 2 blocker then it will

A

increase HR

23
Q

alpha 2 receptors are heteroreceptors on the

A

norepinephrine neuron

24
Q

If it is selective for alpha 1 then there will be

A

little to no effect on HR

25
Q

beta blockers are prescribed for

A

nervousness and high BP

26
Q

What is the prototype beta blocker?

A

propranolol

27
Q

Beta blocker are competitive or noncompetitive agonist or antagonist?

A

competitive antagonist

28
Q

What are the biggest differences in beta blockers?

A

half life

29
Q

when you think of beta you think of

A

heart

30
Q

Other than the heart, beta blockers effect the

A

respiratory tract Increase airway resistance - B1 is safer

Eye- decreases IOP by decreases production of aqueous humor

Metabolism- Inhibits lipolysis and glycogenolysis

31
Q

What does glucogenolysis mean?

A

the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose into the blood stream

32
Q

propranolol vs. metoprolol

A

propranolol- prototype full agonist, works on Beta1 and beta 2 so have some airway effects
metoprolol- mainly B1 so safer in COPD and Diabetics

33
Q

what is a mixed beta blocker?

A

Labetalol- 2 centers of asymmetry= 4 separate isomers 1 is an alpha blocker, 1 is a beta blocker, 2 are inactive

decreases HR and inotrope and bp

34
Q

if the drug doesn’t specify the racemic mixture then

A

it is the racemic mixture, not the pure form

35
Q

Esmolol is important for intraoperative

A

tachycardia

achieved quickly and terminated quickly

36
Q

why aren’t Beta blockers interchangeable?

A

because they work on different receptors

37
Q

blood pressure a measure of how much blood is

A

pressing against the walls of the vessels

38
Q

By giving beta blockers, you block the renin production. How?

A

By blocking Beta receptors in the kidney that produce renin

39
Q

How fast is esmolol?

A

Very short acting

40
Q

Vasodilators effect both

A

arterial and venous system

41
Q

What is the main difference between vasodilators and alpha blockers?

A

They don’t work on alpha receptors

42
Q

How do vasodilators work?

A

they release Nitric oxide, a gas that vasodilates blood vessels by activated guanylyl cyclase thereby increasing cyclic GMP

43
Q

Where does the nitric oxide come from that gets released by vasodilators?

A

from the drug itself (nitroprusside)
or the drug stimulates the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels to release their own nitric oxide (hydralazine)

44
Q

How do Calcium channel blockers work?

A

They block the P-type calcium channels. If Calcium never gets into the cell then no contraction of smooth muscle around the vessels

45
Q

Dopamine at very low levels do what?

A

lower blood pressure

46
Q

Dopamine at high levels do what?

A

activate alpha and beta receptors raising BP

47
Q

Polypharmacy can be useful in what situation?

A

when only using vasodilators. They vasodilate but the body is really good at kicking in compensatory mechanisms and fighting the drugs.
Giving a beta blocker as well to decrease the HR and force of contraction will give a much better response

48
Q

What drug gives the side effect that looks like lupus?

A

slow acetylators taking Hydralazine

Pharm Test 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions