Pharm Pulmonary

Question 1

Parasympathetic NS does (select all that apply)

a) bronchoconstriction
b) bronchodilation
c) mucus secretion
d) mucociliary clearance

Answer 1

a) bonchoconstriction
b) mucus secretion

Question 2

• *Sympathetic** NS does (select all that apply)
  a) bronchoconstriction
  b) ß2 relax smooth muscle
  c) mucus secretion
  d) mucociliary clearance

Answer 2

b) relax smooth muscle
d) mucociliary clearance

Question 3

Primary gas exchange site:

Answer 3

Alveoli

Question 4

Decongestants target the ___ receptor to cause vaso___(constriction/dilation?)

Answer 4

α1 receptor

vasoconstriction

Question 5

Decongestant AE:

Answer 5

HA, dizziness, nervous, nausea

CV irregularities (↑BP, palpitations)

mimic effects of incr sympathertic activity

Question 6

Antitussive AE:

Answer 6

Sedation (most common)

Dizziness

GI upset (w/opioids = constipation)

Question 7

Histamines are generated and stored in ___ and ___

Answer 7

mast cells

basophils

Question 8

____ may be used in patients with asthma to not dry up airways and aggravate asthma, and have lower sedative effect (does not cross blood-brain barrier)

Answer 8

2nd generation antihistamines

Question 9

Mucolytics work by:

Answer 9

lowering energy cost of coughin

(split disulfide bonds, decrease viscosity of mucus in respiratory passages)

Question 10

Individuals with hypertension should avoid which OTC cold remedies?

Answer 10

decongestants (mimic sympathetic NS)

pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, phenylephedrine

naphazoline, oxymetazoline

dextromethorphan

Question 11

Clinical manifestations of Emphysema include all EXCEPT:

a) Barrel chest
b) exertional dyspnea
c) rash
d) clubbed fingers

Answer 11

c) rash

Question 12

Does chronic bronchitis have dry or productive cough?

Answer 12

productive

Question 13

Lung changes:

Pure emphysema:

Pure chronic bronchitis:

Answer 13

emphysema: loss of elastic recoil
respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveoli

chronic bronchitis: large airways (trachea, bronchi)
mucus hypersecretion, inflammation

small airways (bronchioles)- fibrosis

Question 14

Inhaled beta agonist suffix:

Answer 14

“-terol”

SABA: albuterol

Question 15

SABA vs LABA:

difference in duration:

Answer 15

SABA 4-6 hour duration, LABA 12-24 hour duration

Question 16

Inhaled Antimuscarinics (anticholinergics) antagonizes ____ in airway smooth muscles, leading to broncho_____(dilation/constriction).

Answer 16

antagonizes ACh

causes bronchodilation

(M₃ antagonist)

Question 17

Inhaled corticosteroids used for exacerbated COPD symptoms have AE:

Answer 17

oral candidiasis, horase voice, skin bruising, ↑pneumonia risk

osteoporosis, cataracts (elderly, high dose)

Question 18

Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor (PDE-4) works to treat COPD by:

common AE:

Answer 18

↓inflammation, less exacerbation in severe COPD

AE: weight loss (up to 20%), diarrhea, nausea

Question 19

Antibiotics used to treat acute exacerbations of COPD:

Answer 19

Macrolides

Azithromycin, Erythromycin

Question 20

Clinical manifestations of Asthma:

Answer 20

Nonproductive cough

Prolonged expiration

Tachycardia

Tachypnea

Question 21

T/F

Inhaled corticosteroids can slow growth in children.

Answer 21

Maybe- (may be due to asthma)

Question 22

Leukotrienes play a role in airway edema, smooth muscle contraction, inflammatory processes, and are released from ____ and ____.

Answer 22

mast cells

eosinophils

Question 23

Leukotriene modifiers have a rare AE:

Answer 23

hepatotoxicity

Question 24

Immunomodulators for asthma (anti-IgE: bind IgE antibody) have a rare but serious AE:

Answer 24

anaphylaxis

rare allergic rxn, immunomodulators for asthma must be administered in office

Question 25

Immunomodulators: Interleukin antagonists target ___ which ↓eosinophil activity in asthma pathogenesis.

Common AE:

Answer 25

IL-5

AE: injection site rxn, HA, ↑creatine kinase

Question 26

____ can be used as prevention prior to exercise, but not preferred over SABA.

Answer 26

Nebulized cromolyn sodium

prevents mast cell release of histamine and leukotrienes

Question 27

Methylxanthines 56