Pharm- Autonomic

Question 1

List catecholamines and where they’re produced

Answer 1

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

produced/released by adrenal glands

Question 2

Large doses of catecholamines can produce which CNS effects

Answer 2

anxiety, tremors, HA

Question 3

Catecholamines work on the smooth muscle of the GI tract to (contract or relax)

Answer 3

relax smooth muscle

Question 4

Net effect of alpha and beta receprots:

Answer 4

vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation

Question 5

Norepinephrine selectively activates:

effect on vasculature:

Answer 5

activates α₁ over α₂ and ß₁ and little effect on ß₂

↑BP, ↑peripheral resistance

Question 6

Which neurotransmitter is used in the treatment of shock with renal failure?

Answer 6

Dopamine

(precursor to NE)

Question 7

Effect on NE of sympathomimetic drugs:

Answer 7

release stored NE or inhibit reuptake

(amphetamine, cocaine, ephedrine)

Question 8

OTC cold remedies may contain phenylephidrine, which can cause which AE:

Answer 8

Hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina

Question 9

Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal cortex, and it will have what effect on sodium in the kidneys, which will do what to plasma volume?

Answer 9

conserve sodium, increase plasma volume

Question 10

Prostaglandins counteract vasoconstriction in the kidneys. What do NSAIDs do to prostaglandins?

Answer 10

NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis: can lead to renal faiulre and exacerbate HTN in those with cirrhosis, heart failure, etc.

Question 11

This class of diuretic works on the ascending loop of Henle to keep electrolytes from being reabsorbed, and includes furosemide.

Answer 11

Loop diuretics

AE: dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, increased LDLs

Question 12

What diuretic class is used for those who are at risk of renal calculi, and does not have the risk of bone density loss?

Answer 12

Thiazide

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)

Question 13

Which class of diuretic can result in hyperkalemia, gynecomastia or menstrual irregularities (as well as nausea, lethargy, mental confusion)

Answer 13

Potassium sparing diuretics

spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 14

Flattened T waves, nausea, muscle weakness, fatigue, leg cramps, polyuria, hypotension, excessive sweating, mental status change all may indicate:

Answer 14

Hypokalemia

Question 15

Diuretics can cause which 2 conditions that can both trigger arrhythmia, syncope, and cardiac arrest?

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia

Question 16

increased thirst, HA, blurred vision, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, frequent urination are diuretic signs of which condition:

Answer 16

hyperglycemia

(problem for diabetics)

Question 17

Meds that block only ß₁ and not ß₂ receptors will slow the heart, but not have an affect on:

Answer 17

the Lungs

Question 18

Ca channel blockers are used when ___ are contraindicated

Answer 18

beta blockers

Question 19

Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockers can trigger:

Answer 19

arrhythmia, angina, MI

Question 20

When on beta-blockers, monitor for signs of

◦Dyspnea, peripheral edema, increased weight, jugular distention, decreased urine output

which may indicate:

Answer 20

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 21

Beta-blockers may mask symptoms of:

Answer 21

Hypoglycemia

Question 22

α₁ receptor agonists work to (vasoconstrict or vasodilate) vascular smooth muscle

Answer 22

vasoconstrict

Question 23

Common AE for α₂ agonists:

Answer 23

dizzy, drowsy, sleepy, HA

Question 24

Which class of hypertension treatment has a serious risk of rebound hypertension if abruptly stopped?

Answer 24

Central-acting alpha agonists

clonidine

Question 25

The RAAS inhibitor group includes 3 inhibitors:

Answer 25

DRI: direct renin inhibitor

ACEi = angiotensin I converting inhibitor

ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker

Question 26

Common ending “-pril” used for what meds:

Answer 26

ACE inhibitors

Question 27

ACE inhibitors block conversion of what

Answer 27

antiogensin I to angiotensin II

Question 28

“-pril” meds have what common side effect, and what rare but serious side effect:

Answer 28

ACE inhib

common: dry cough (also hypotension, dizziness, hyperkalemia)
rare: acute renal failure (and angioedema)

Question 29

“-sartan” common ending for which class

Answer 29

ARBs

Question 30

-"sartan" class works by inhibiting the binding of \_\_\_\_. 
Does this class produce dry cough?

Answer 30

ARB inhibit binding of angiotensin II.

NO dry cough

Question 31

In hypertensive patients, heat can cause:

Answer 31

syncope