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Pharm > Pharm+Patho 0423Q > Flashcards

Pharm+Patho 0423Q Flashcards

1
Q

histology of eczematous dermatitis

A

spongiosis: epidermal accum. of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces

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2
Q

effects of corticosteroids on CBC

A
  1. increased neutrophil count (de-margination from vessel wall)
  2. decreased lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil - typical suppression of immune response by glucocorticoids
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3
Q

which cholesterol drugs have increased risk of gallstone formation?

A
  1. gemfibrozil
  2. cholestyramine

both increase chol excretion by liver (in bile)

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4
Q

acute acalculous cholecystitis

A

acute inflamm of GB in the absence of gallstones. most commonly seen in hospitalized and severely ill.

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5
Q

what do doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin treat?

A

[alpha1 blockers]

BPH AND HTN.

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6
Q

tx of HTN in pts with CAD and CHF

A

cardioselective beta blockers

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7
Q

first line med for essential HTN in gen pop

A

HCTZ

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8
Q

common location of CRC

A
  1. rectosigmoid colon: obstructing sx (altered BM, constipation, abd distention, N/V)
  2. ascending colon: bulkier masses that protrude into lumen, likely to bleed and cause iron-def anemia
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9
Q

part of brain affected in huntington disease

A

loss of neurons in caudate nucleus and putamen

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10
Q

which chemotherapeutic agents inhibit thymidylate formation?

A

methotrexate and 5-FU.

MTX effect is OVERCOME by N5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate supp (folinic acid or leucovorin).

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11
Q

aplastic anemia

A

pancytopenia - decreased RBC, WBC, plts.

due to suppression of stem cell fx in BM.

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12
Q

which abx can cause aplastic anemia?

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL. suppresses bact protein synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase. can cause dose-dependent and dose-independent (irreversible) pancytopenia.

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13
Q

what happens when metronidazole is taken with alcohol?

A

disulfiram-like rxn

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14
Q

what is significant side effect of vancomycin?

A

rapid admin lead to histamine release - RED MAN SYNDROME (flushing).

also cause dose-related ototoxicity.

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15
Q

what are the most common causes of ischemic stroke?

A

carotid artery atherosclerosis.

cardiac embolism.

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16
Q

which cytokine induces cachexia?

A

TNF alpha - by suppressing appetite, inhibiting lipoprotein lipase, increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.

nickname: cachectin

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17
Q

main mech of combination OCP

A

suppress LH and FSH synthesis in ant pituitary, thus inhibiting ovulation (no LH surge)

minor effects: thicken cervical mucus. prevent endometrial growth needed for implantation (progesterone effect)

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18
Q

what drug is used for pts allergic to TMP-SMX?

A

dapsone

19
Q

iron absorption occurs where?

A

duodenum and prox jejunum

20
Q

how does desmopressin (DDAVP) treat vWf disease?

A

induces endothelial procoag protein release, including vWf.

also increases stability of factor VIII (vWf binds VIII) - controls bleeding in hemophilia A.

21
Q

what immuno cell is involved with Crohns disease?

A

TH1 helper cells - mediate delayed hypersensitivity and non-caseating granuloma formation.

also produce IL-2 and IFN-g. activate macrophages to produce TNF.

TH2 involved with ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

22
Q

what happens with EPO in aplastic (and most other) anemias?

A

compensatory increase in EPO secretion by interstitial cells of renal cortex (if normal renal fx)

23
Q

what does bruising not assoc. with trauma indicate?

A

thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy

24
Q

what does high lipid content in BM suggest?

A

hematopoietic cell aplasia or hypoplasia

25
Q

lab values of intravascular hemolytic anemias

A

decreased serum haptoglobin.

increased Hb, LDH, bilirubin.

26
Q

haptoglobin

A

serum prot that binds free Hb and promotes its uptake by RES

27
Q

trazodone

A

indication: sedating effects = used with fluoxetine to treat pts with depression and accompanying insomnia

SE: priapism (contraindicated in adolescent boys)

28
Q

mycobacterial resistance to INH

A

via non-expression of catalase-peroxidase enzyme OR through genetic modification of INH binding site on mycolic acid synthesis enzyme

29
Q

serious but rare complication of ticlopidine

A

NEUTROPENIA - presents with fever and mouth ulcers. monitor CBC biweekly for first 3 mos.

30
Q

leuprolide (GnRH analog) effects

A

continuous GnRH activity initially increases gonadotropin levels (“start up flare”) with subsequent increase in testosterone and DHT. once the flare burns out, both T and DHT are suppressed to castrate levels.

31
Q

role of estrogen in gallstone formation

A

estrogen increases hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity

32
Q

decreased enz activity predisposing to gallstones

A

7alpha-hydroxylase
suppressed by meds (fibrates).
decreased conversion of chol to bile acids, thus excess chol secretion in bile.

33
Q

hemiparesis with ARM affected more than leg

A

occlusion of middle cerebral artery.

if occluded MCA is in dominant (left) hemisphere, aphasia may also occur.

34
Q

benzodiazepine side effect

A

daytime drowsiness “hangover”.
increased falls in old peeps.
severity of side effect depends on half life.

35
Q

long acting benzos

A

more severe drowsiness.

LESS addicting.

36
Q

medullary thyroid cancer

A

from parafollicular calcitonin-secreting C cells.
RET proto-oncogene mutation.
uniform polygonal or spindle-shaped cells with extracellular amyloid deposits.

37
Q

abetalipoproteinemia

A

lipids accumulate in int epithelium.

lack of lipids in cell membranes = abn RBCs (acanthocytes) and neuro deficits.

38
Q

chronic prednisone/corticosteroid use

A

promotes osteoporosis and pathologic fractures

39
Q

key feature of minimal change disease

A

rapid response to corticosteroid therapy

40
Q

conditions assoc. with MCD

A

resp infx
immunization
atopic d/o

41
Q

tx of active TB

A

NEVER with drug monotherapy due to rapid emergence of Abx resistance in M.tuberculosis.

INH monotherapy may be used for pts with positive PPD and NEGATIVE CXR.

42
Q

Reid index

A

ratio of thickness of mucous gland layer in bronchial wall submucosa TO thickness of bronchial wall between resp epithelium and bronchial cartilage.

measures mucus gland enlargement in chronic bronchitis.

43
Q

hematogenous osteomyelitis

A

affects metaphyses of long bones - rich vascularization and capillary fenestrae

Pharm (5 decks)

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