Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Pharmacology I > Pharm I Quiz > Flashcards

Pharm I Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Phase I is synthetic or non synthetic?

A

non synthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common method of metabolism of Phase I?

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three methods of metabolism in Phase I?

A

Oxidation, reduction and hydrolytic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where in the cell are most Phase I reactions taken place?

A

smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is also called the ‘mixed function oxidase’ system and is a relatively non-specific enzyme system?

A

Cytochrome P450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common Phase II reaction?

A

Glucuronidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Phase II reactions are generally deficient in _____.

A

neonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cats are deficient in _____? (three things)

A

Glucuronyl transferase, hydroxylation and dealkylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ are deficient in acetylation.

A

dogs and cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pigs are deficient in _____

A

sulfation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Birds lack _________ and are the only ones to use ornithine.

A

oxidative enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Phenobarbital and phenylbutazone are enzyme inhibitors of inducers?

A

Inducers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enzyme induction can lead to _______ or _______

A

tolerance or drug-drug interaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chloramphenicol, cimetidine, ketoconazole are enzyme inducers or inhibitors?

A

inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The three renal excretion processes that are termed “total renal excretion” are…?

A

glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are three factors that significantly affect drugs likelihood of being filtered?

A

molecular size, charge, and protein binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organic CATION transporters exist to move organic bases/acids?

A

bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Organic ANION transporters move organic bases/acids?

A

acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Water-soluble, polar, ionized drugs will remain in the ____ and be_____.

A

filtrate/excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This will acidify the urine to cause basic drugs to be ionized and enhance their excretion.

A

ammonium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This will alkalinize the urine and cause acidic drugs to be ionized and enhance their excretion.

A

sodium bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Milk pH is lower than plasma (acidic) so what type of drugs will be trapped in milk?

A

weak basic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is: the study of movement of drugs across biological membranes in the body from the time of absorption until elimination?

A

Drug disposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is: the movement of the drug from the site of administration into blood?

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is: the transfer of drugs from the bloodstream to tissues around the body?

A

Distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is: the chemical alteration of the drug by different body tissues.

A

Metabolism. also called biotransformation

27
Q

What is: the removal of the drug and metabolites from the body?

A

Excretion

28
Q

Population pharmacokinetics allows for development of parameters for a drug that would apply to..?

A

all breeds, ages, gender, etc.

29
Q

Allometric scaling tries to predict…?

A

behavior of a drug in a species

30
Q

Bioequivalent drugs are absorbed to a similar extent and similar rate, which means what are the same?

A

AUC, Cmax, Tmax

31
Q

Zero-order elimination: the _____of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed, regardless of concentration.

A

amount

32
Q

For drugs that follow zero-order elimination, elimination does not change with plasma concentration, thus the ________is variable depending on dose?

A

half-life

33
Q

First-order elimination: the ______of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed.

A

proportion

34
Q

For drugs that follow 1st order elimination, elimination depends on __________

A

plasma concentration

35
Q

what changes in a predictable way with first-order elimination?

A

rate

36
Q

When saturation occurs the __________decreases and the _________increases which can lead to drug accumulation and potential toxicity.

A

clearance/half-life

37
Q

After 1 half-life ___% of the drug is gone?

A

50

38
Q

The half life of 100mg of a drug is a day, what is the half life if you were to administer 200mg?

A

a day

39
Q

T/F? Zylazone doses are far lower for cattle than for equines?

A

True

40
Q

Boxers are sensitive to ________ (________) and can exhibit adverse cardiovascular effects.

A

phenothiazines (acepromazine)

41
Q

Collies are sensitive to..?

A

ivermectin

42
Q

what drugs can cause tooth discoloration?

A

tetracyclines

43
Q

what drugs affect cartilage

A

Fluoroquinolones

44
Q

What drugs affect bone physes?

A

glucocorticoids

45
Q

Congestive heart failure generally reduced _________and ________.

A

drug distribution/ clearance

46
Q

Idiosyncratic drug reactions are likely due to ______and the result of ______that occur in some patients.

A

genetic variation/ reactive drug metabolites

47
Q

_________ drug reactions are not dependent on dose and can occur on the first exposure?

A

idiosyncratic

48
Q

______ reactions can occur as a result of an immune response when drugs act as an antigen or a hapten?

A

hypersensitivity

49
Q

T/F? prior exposure is needed for a hypersensitivity reaction occur?

A

True

50
Q

________tolerance can be the result of changes in the receptor or exhaustion of mediators.

A

Pharmacodynamic

51
Q

__________ tolerance typically occurs due to changes in absorption, metabolism, or excretion.

A

Pharmacokinetic

52
Q

phenylbutazone ______ to hay which decreases its _______in the horse cecum.

A

aDsorption/ aBsorption

53
Q

Digitalis and phenylbutazone are examples of drugs that have a high _______ rate.

A

cumulation

54
Q

What is: Two drugs have additive effects.

A

Summation

55
Q

What is: two drugs have a greater efficacy when combined.

A

Synergism

56
Q

What is: decreases effects that occur when one or both drugs reduced the action of the other.

A

Antagonism

57
Q

The drug chemically react to each other causing inactivation of one of one or the other.

A

Chemical antagonism

58
Q

The drugs work differently and have opposing physiologic effects that cancel each other out.

A

Physiologic antagonism

59
Q

One drug reduces the concentration of the other drug at its site of action by interfering with its ADME process.

A

Pharmacokinetic antagonism

60
Q

Probenecid reduces the excretion of penicillin by..?

A

competing for carrier molecules in the kidney

61
Q

Factors related to the Environment?

A

temperature, oxygen, humidity, light, contact surfaces

62
Q

Griseofulvin can cause liver damage in some cats is an example if a______ reaction.

A

Idiosyncratic

63
Q

Lead inactivation by EDTA by chelation is an example of …..?

A

Chemical antagonism

64
Q

penicillin is excreted 99% unchanged because…?

A

it is relatively polar

RUSVM Pharmacology I (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions