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RUSVM Pharmacology I > Pharm I Quiz > Flashcards

Pharm I Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Phase I is synthetic or non synthetic?

A

non synthetic

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2
Q

What is the most common method of metabolism of Phase I?

A

Oxidation

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3
Q

What are the three methods of metabolism in Phase I?

A

Oxidation, reduction and hydrolytic reactions

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4
Q

Where in the cell are most Phase I reactions taken place?

A

smooth ER

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5
Q

What is also called the ‘mixed function oxidase’ system and is a relatively non-specific enzyme system?

A

Cytochrome P450

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6
Q

What is the most common Phase II reaction?

A

Glucuronidation

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7
Q

Phase II reactions are generally deficient in _____.

A

neonates

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8
Q

Cats are deficient in _____? (three things)

A

Glucuronyl transferase, hydroxylation and dealkylation

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9
Q

_____ are deficient in acetylation.

A

dogs and cats

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10
Q

pigs are deficient in _____

A

sulfation

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11
Q

Birds lack _________ and are the only ones to use ornithine.

A

oxidative enzymes

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12
Q

Phenobarbital and phenylbutazone are enzyme inhibitors of inducers?

A

Inducers

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13
Q

Enzyme induction can lead to _______ or _______

A

tolerance or drug-drug interaction.

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14
Q

Chloramphenicol, cimetidine, ketoconazole are enzyme inducers or inhibitors?

A

inhibitors

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15
Q

The three renal excretion processes that are termed “total renal excretion” are…?

A

glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption.

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16
Q

What are three factors that significantly affect drugs likelihood of being filtered?

A

molecular size, charge, and protein binding

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17
Q

Organic CATION transporters exist to move organic bases/acids?

A

bases

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18
Q

Organic ANION transporters move organic bases/acids?

A

acids

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19
Q

Water-soluble, polar, ionized drugs will remain in the ____ and be_____.

A

filtrate/excreted

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20
Q

This will acidify the urine to cause basic drugs to be ionized and enhance their excretion.

A

ammonium chloride

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21
Q

This will alkalinize the urine and cause acidic drugs to be ionized and enhance their excretion.

A

sodium bicarb

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22
Q

Milk pH is lower than plasma (acidic) so what type of drugs will be trapped in milk?

A

weak basic drugs

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23
Q

What is: the study of movement of drugs across biological membranes in the body from the time of absorption until elimination?

A

Drug disposition

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24
Q

what is: the movement of the drug from the site of administration into blood?

A

Absorption

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25
What is: the transfer of drugs from the bloodstream to tissues around the body?
Distribution
26
What is: the chemical alteration of the drug by different body tissues.
Metabolism. also called biotransformation
27
What is: the removal of the drug and metabolites from the body?
Excretion
28
Population pharmacokinetics allows for development of parameters for a drug that would apply to..?
all breeds, ages, gender, etc.
29
Allometric scaling tries to predict...?
behavior of a drug in a species
30
Bioequivalent drugs are absorbed to a similar extent and similar rate, which means what are the same?
AUC, Cmax, Tmax
31
Zero-order elimination: the _____of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed, regardless of concentration.
amount
32
For drugs that follow zero-order elimination, elimination does not change with plasma concentration, thus the ________is variable depending on dose?
half-life
33
First-order elimination: the ______of drug eliminated per unit time is fixed.
proportion
34
For drugs that follow 1st order elimination, elimination depends on __________
plasma concentration
35
what changes in a predictable way with first-order elimination?
rate
36
When saturation occurs the __________decreases and the _________increases which can lead to drug accumulation and potential toxicity.
clearance/half-life
37
After 1 half-life ___% of the drug is gone?
50
38
The half life of 100mg of a drug is a day, what is the half life if you were to administer 200mg?
a day
39
T/F? Zylazone doses are far lower for cattle than for equines?
True
40
Boxers are sensitive to ________ (________) and can exhibit adverse cardiovascular effects.
phenothiazines (acepromazine)
41
Collies are sensitive to..?
ivermectin
42
what drugs can cause tooth discoloration?
tetracyclines
43
what drugs affect cartilage
Fluoroquinolones
44
What drugs affect bone physes?
glucocorticoids
45
Congestive heart failure generally reduced _________and ________.
drug distribution/ clearance
46
Idiosyncratic drug reactions are likely due to ______and the result of ______that occur in some patients.
genetic variation/ reactive drug metabolites
47
_________ drug reactions are not dependent on dose and can occur on the first exposure?
idiosyncratic
48
______ reactions can occur as a result of an immune response when drugs act as an antigen or a hapten?
hypersensitivity
49
T/F? prior exposure is needed for a hypersensitivity reaction occur?
True
50
________tolerance can be the result of changes in the receptor or exhaustion of mediators.
Pharmacodynamic
51
__________ tolerance typically occurs due to changes in absorption, metabolism, or excretion.
Pharmacokinetic
52
phenylbutazone ______ to hay which decreases its _______in the horse cecum.
aDsorption/ aBsorption
53
Digitalis and phenylbutazone are examples of drugs that have a high _______ rate.
cumulation
54
What is: Two drugs have additive effects.
Summation
55
What is: two drugs have a greater efficacy when combined.
Synergism
56
What is: decreases effects that occur when one or both drugs reduced the action of the other.
Antagonism
57
The drug chemically react to each other causing inactivation of one of one or the other.
Chemical antagonism
58
The drugs work differently and have opposing physiologic effects that cancel each other out.
Physiologic antagonism
59
One drug reduces the concentration of the other drug at its site of action by interfering with its ADME process.
Pharmacokinetic antagonism
60
Probenecid reduces the excretion of penicillin by..?
competing for carrier molecules in the kidney
61
Factors related to the Environment?
temperature, oxygen, humidity, light, contact surfaces
62
Griseofulvin can cause liver damage in some cats is an example if a______ reaction.
Idiosyncratic
63
Lead inactivation by EDTA by chelation is an example of .....?
Chemical antagonism
64
penicillin is excreted 99% unchanged because...?
it is relatively polar

RUSVM Pharmacology I (3 decks)

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