Pharm Exam 1 (take with Pharm 1 quiz deck)

Question 1

What are two types of target for drug action?

Answer 1

biological and physical interaction

Question 2

Physical interactions have what kind of effect?

Answer 2

non-specific

Question 3

osmotic diuretics, antacids and radioactive iodine are three examples of what kind of interaction?

Answer 3

Physical

Question 4

the two types of biological interactions are:?

Answer 4

non-receptors and receptors

Question 5

ion channels are an example of non-receptor or receptor interactions?

Answer 5

non-receptor

Question 6

two ways that non-receptor interaction drugs act on the ion channels.

Answer 6

blocking them and modulation of opening or closing the channel

Question 7

enzymes are an example of non-receptor or receptor interaction?

Answer 7

non-receptor

Question 8

two ways that non receptor drugs act not an enzyme.

Answer 8

competing with substrate to bind to enzyme and acting as a false substrate

Question 9

carrier proteins are an example of non-receptor or receptor interactions?

Answer 9

non-receptor

Question 10

what is significant about drugs that can affect carrier proteins?

Answer 10

alterations can remove molecules from their site of action and this ending their effect.

Question 11

what are the 4 types of receptor interaction?

Answer 11

ionotropic (ligand binding ion channels)
metabotropic (G protein coupled)
kinase couple receptors(
nuclear receptors

Question 12

T/F? Binding of a drug to a inotropic receptor allows/prevents ions such as Ca, Na, K from passing through?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F? Metabotropic receptors transduce an extracelluar signal to an intracellular one?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Two examples of inotropic receptors:

Answer 14

Nicotinic ACh receptor and GABA receptors

Question 15

two examples of metabotropic receptors:

Answer 15

Muscarinic ACh receptors and histamine receptors

Question 16

Metabotropic receptors are usually involved with:

Answer 16

slow secretory and smooth muscle function (seconds)

Question 17

T/F? Kinase linked receptors are involved with direct activation of enzymes?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

what are three examples of Kinase linked receptors and what are they generally associated with?

Answer 18

Insulin, IGF-1, cytokines; generally growth promoting

Question 19

Nuclear receptors are intracellular and are also known as:

Answer 19

transcription factor receptors

Question 20

two examples of nuclear receptors

Answer 20

steroid and thyroid hormones

Question 21

T/F? Endogenous neurotransmitters cannot bind to more than one type of receptor?

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is: Increase in the number of receptors ( and then drug effect)

Answer 22

Receptor up-regulation

Question 23

What is: the decrease in the number of receptors ( and effect)

Answer 23

Receptor down-regulation

Question 24

what is the difference between tolerance and tachyphylaxis?

Answer 24

Tolerance is a gradual decrease over days or months of repeated doses and tachyphylaxis is acute tolerance over a short period of time.

Question 25

Ligands are anything that binds to a recognition site and can act as a _______, ______, or________.

Answer 25

agonist, antagonist, or mixed agonist-antagonist

Question 26

Morphine is what type of agonist?

Answer 26

Full agonist

Question 27

Buprenorphine is what type of agonist?

Answer 27

partial agonist

Question 28

What does a partial agonist do?

Answer 28

binds to receptor but doesn't produce as full of an effect as a full agonist

Question 29

what is: inverse agonist?

Answer 29

binds to the receptor and produces the opposite effect as agonist

Question 30

What is: antagonist?

Answer 30

binds to receptor and on its own does nothing However it still blocks the receptors from an agonist to bind and thus blocks the effects of the receptor

Question 31

What is: competitive antagonism?

Answer 31

reversible, concentration-dependent binding

Question 32

noncompetitive antagonism?

Answer 32

binds to a site distant from the receptor but renders it unable to bind to ligand

Question 33

What is more common? Competitive or noncompetitive antagonism.

Answer 33

competitive

Question 34

T/F? Reversal agents are a good example of agonists?

Answer 34

False, Antagonists

Question 35

Acts as an agonist in one type if receptors and as an antagonist on other types of receptors

Answer 35

mixed agonists-antagonists

Question 36

the concentration of a drug needed to produce the effect?

Answer 36

Potency

Question 37

T/F? Partial agonists may never be able to achieve full efficacy?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T/F? The more narrow the therapeutic index, the safer the drug?

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Why is the standard safety margin a more conservative measure?

Answer 39

it looks at the dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in ALL animals relative to the dose required to produce a hazardous effect

Question 40

Time required after drug administration for a response to be observed.

Answer 40

Onset of action

Question 41

Length of time that a drug is effective (from onset to termination of action)

Answer 41

duration of action

Question 42

The maximal effect a drug can have

Answer 42

Efficacy

Question 43

ANS innervates

Answer 43

cardiac, smooth and secretory cells

Question 44

Parasympathetic origins in the spinal cord?

Answer 44

Craniosacral

Question 45

Sympathetic origins in the spinal cord?

Answer 45

thoracolumbar

Question 46

T/F Acetylcholine is released from synaptic nerve endings?

Answer 46

False, from presynaptic neurons

Question 47

T/F Norepinephrine is released from synaptic nerve endings?

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Two main types if receptors?

Answer 48

Cholinergic and adrenergic

Question 49

Two types of cholinergic receptors?

Answer 49

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 50

T/F? Nicotinic receptors are associated with ion channels?

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T/F? Muscarinic receptors are associated with glandular/metabotropic receptors?

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Adrenergic receptors are associated with which neurotransmitters?

Answer 52

Epi/norepi/ dopamine

Question 53

In regards to vasculature, which part of the ANS plays a bigger role of action, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 53

Sympathetic

Question 54

which neurotransmitter is associated the most with Parasympathetic NS?

Answer 54

Acetylcholine