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RUSVM Pharmacology I > Pharm Exam 1 (take with Pharm 1 quiz deck) > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 1 (take with Pharm 1 quiz deck) Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types of target for drug action?

A

biological and physical interaction

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2
Q

Physical interactions have what kind of effect?

A

non-specific

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3
Q

osmotic diuretics, antacids and radioactive iodine are three examples of what kind of interaction?

A

Physical

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4
Q

the two types of biological interactions are:?

A

non-receptors and receptors

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5
Q

ion channels are an example of non-receptor or receptor interactions?

A

non-receptor

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6
Q

two ways that non-receptor interaction drugs act on the ion channels.

A

blocking them and modulation of opening or closing the channel

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7
Q

enzymes are an example of non-receptor or receptor interaction?

A

non-receptor

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8
Q

two ways that non receptor drugs act not an enzyme.

A

competing with substrate to bind to enzyme and acting as a false substrate

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9
Q

carrier proteins are an example of non-receptor or receptor interactions?

A

non-receptor

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10
Q

what is significant about drugs that can affect carrier proteins?

A

alterations can remove molecules from their site of action and this ending their effect.

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11
Q

what are the 4 types of receptor interaction?

A

ionotropic (ligand binding ion channels)
metabotropic (G protein coupled)
kinase couple receptors(
nuclear receptors

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12
Q

T/F? Binding of a drug to a inotropic receptor allows/prevents ions such as Ca, Na, K from passing through?

A

True

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13
Q

T/F? Metabotropic receptors transduce an extracelluar signal to an intracellular one?

A

True

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14
Q

Two examples of inotropic receptors:

A

Nicotinic ACh receptor and GABA receptors

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15
Q

two examples of metabotropic receptors:

A

Muscarinic ACh receptors and histamine receptors

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16
Q

Metabotropic receptors are usually involved with:

A

slow secretory and smooth muscle function (seconds)

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17
Q

T/F? Kinase linked receptors are involved with direct activation of enzymes?

A

true

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18
Q

what are three examples of Kinase linked receptors and what are they generally associated with?

A

Insulin, IGF-1, cytokines; generally growth promoting

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19
Q

Nuclear receptors are intracellular and are also known as:

A

transcription factor receptors

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20
Q

two examples of nuclear receptors

A

steroid and thyroid hormones

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21
Q

T/F? Endogenous neurotransmitters cannot bind to more than one type of receptor?

A

False

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22
Q

What is: Increase in the number of receptors ( and then drug effect)

A

Receptor up-regulation

23
Q

What is: the decrease in the number of receptors ( and effect)

A

Receptor down-regulation

24
Q

what is the difference between tolerance and tachyphylaxis?

A

Tolerance is a gradual decrease over days or months of repeated doses and tachyphylaxis is acute tolerance over a short period of time.

25
Q

Ligands are anything that binds to a recognition site and can act as a _______, ______, or________.

A

agonist, antagonist, or mixed agonist-antagonist

26
Q

Morphine is what type of agonist?

A

Full agonist

27
Q

Buprenorphine is what type of agonist?

A

partial agonist

28
Q

What does a partial agonist do?

A

binds to receptor but doesn’t produce as full of an effect as a full agonist

29
Q

what is: inverse agonist?

A

binds to the receptor and produces the opposite effect as agonist

30
Q

What is: antagonist?

A

binds to receptor and on its own does nothing However it still blocks the receptors from an agonist to bind and thus blocks the effects of the receptor

31
Q

What is: competitive antagonism?

A

reversible, concentration-dependent binding

32
Q

noncompetitive antagonism?

A

binds to a site distant from the receptor but renders it unable to bind to ligand

33
Q

What is more common? Competitive or noncompetitive antagonism.

A

competitive

34
Q

T/F? Reversal agents are a good example of agonists?

A

False, Antagonists

35
Q

Acts as an agonist in one type if receptors and as an antagonist on other types of receptors

A

mixed agonists-antagonists

36
Q

the concentration of a drug needed to produce the effect?

A

Potency

37
Q

T/F? Partial agonists may never be able to achieve full efficacy?

A

True

38
Q

T/F? The more narrow the therapeutic index, the safer the drug?

A

False

39
Q

Why is the standard safety margin a more conservative measure?

A

it looks at the dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in ALL animals relative to the dose required to produce a hazardous effect

40
Q

Time required after drug administration for a response to be observed.

A

Onset of action

41
Q

Length of time that a drug is effective (from onset to termination of action)

A

duration of action

42
Q

The maximal effect a drug can have

A

Efficacy

43
Q

ANS innervates

A

cardiac, smooth and secretory cells

44
Q

Parasympathetic origins in the spinal cord?

A

Craniosacral

45
Q

Sympathetic origins in the spinal cord?

A

thoracolumbar

46
Q

T/F Acetylcholine is released from synaptic nerve endings?

A

False, from presynaptic neurons

47
Q

T/F Norepinephrine is released from synaptic nerve endings?

A

True

48
Q

Two main types if receptors?

A

Cholinergic and adrenergic

49
Q

Two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

50
Q

T/F? Nicotinic receptors are associated with ion channels?

A

True

51
Q

T/F? Muscarinic receptors are associated with glandular/metabotropic receptors?

A

True

52
Q

Adrenergic receptors are associated with which neurotransmitters?

A

Epi/norepi/ dopamine

53
Q

In regards to vasculature, which part of the ANS plays a bigger role of action, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

54
Q

which neurotransmitter is associated the most with Parasympathetic NS?

A

Acetylcholine

RUSVM Pharmacology I (3 decks)

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