Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI 2 > Pharm for Parasites/protozoa/C. diff > Flashcards

Pharm for Parasites/protozoa/C. diff Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs used for Nematodes

A
  • Albendazole
  • Mebendazole
  • Pyrantel pamoate
  • Diethylcarbamazine
  • Ivermectin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drugs used for Cestodes

A
  • Albendazole
  • Mebendazole
  • Praziquantel
  • Nicolsamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drug used for Trematodes

A

Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Soil-transmitted helminths

A
  • Acaris
  • hookworm
  • Trichuris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In endemic areas, these drugs are used for treatment of children with helminth infections

A
  • single doses of Albendazole or the older mebendazole

- These are Benzimidazoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Benzimidazoles that are only used for cutaneous infections

A

-Thiabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA of benzimidazoles

A

bind to parasite b-tubulin, disrupt microtubule polymerization and microtubule dependent processes like attachment and glucose transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which benzimidazole has Poor absorption so low systemic exposure?

A

Mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which benzimidazole has modest absorption and has metabolites that can affect tissue dwelling helminths, cysts, and is cleared renally

A

Albendazone–>Albendazole sulfoxide (active metabolite) –> Albendazole sulfone (inactive and cleared renally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benzimidazole used for larval migrans ONLY

A

Thiabendazole (has systemic toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm . . itchy butt children)

A

Mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworms)

A

Albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

Albendazole OR Mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Trichuris trichuria (Whipworm)

A

Mebendazole or Albendazole (need 3 day course rather than single dose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxacara (Larval migrans)

A

Albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benzimidazoles and pregnancy

A

teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alternative/Adjunct Nematode therapy that is effective against hook, pin, and round worms but NOT Trichuris trichiura
-MOA: binds to N-AChR causing spastic paralysis and depolarization

A

Pyrantel pamoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the indication for Pyrantel pamoate therapy

A

HEAVY Ascaris infection

19
Q

Pregnancy and Pyrantel Pamoate

A

Can use but be cautious

20
Q

Indications for Ivermectin

A
  • Intestinal Strongloidyiasis (thread worm)
  • Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
  • Also Lymphatic Filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi)
21
Q

MOA of Ivermectin

A

-inactivates Glutamate-gated chloride channels causing hyperpolarization and paralysis

22
Q

When is Ivermectin contraindicated

A

-when BBB is disrupated like meningitis and trypanosomiasis

23
Q

What are the intestinal Cestodes (Tapeworms)

A
  • Cysticercosis
  • Echinococcosis
  • Taeniasis (pork and beef)
  • Diphyllobrothriasis (fish)
24
Q

What is the drug of choice for all ADULT form (Taenias and diphyllobothrium) tapeworm infections in US?

Elsewhere?

A

Praziquantel

Niclosamide

25
Q

Drug of choice for LARVAL forms (Cysticercosis and Echinococcus granulosus/cystic hydatid disease) of tapeworm infections?
What is an adjunct therapy you can add on?

A

Albendazole

Praziquantel

26
Q

What is a contraindication for Praziquantel therapy

A

treatment of ocular cysticercosis . . . destruction of organism in the eye may damage the eye

27
Q

What are the intestinal trematodes/flukes

A

Schistosomiasis

28
Q

What would you look for in a stool sample that has schistosomisasis

A

A spear head coming of the trematode

29
Q

drug of choice for schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel

30
Q

MOA of praziquantel

A
  • interferes with calcium homeostasis and causes flaccid paralysis in adult flukes
  • causes antigen within parasite to be exposed to action of host antibodies
31
Q

Drug list for anti protozoal/antiamebic agents

A
  • Metronidazole
  • Tinidazole
  • Nitazoxanide

LUMINAL AMEBICIDES

  • Iodoquinol
  • Diloxanide
  • Paromomycin
32
Q

Metronidazole extensively used to treat what?

What is unique about these organisms is used to target them?

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Giardia Lamblia

Lack mitochondria and do not rely on pyruvate dehydrogenase

33
Q

Explain the metabolism of E. histolytic and G. lamblia

A

Pyruvate –>pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)–>this activates metronidazole and damages DNA

34
Q

Drug of choice for E. histolytica?

G. Lamblia?

A

Metronidazole

Tinidazole

35
Q

Adverse effects of Metronidazole/Tinidazole?

A
  • Metallic taste
  • Disulfiram-liek reaction - with intake of acohol –>abdominal distress, vomiting, flushing, headache, alcohol-withdrawal symptoms
36
Q
  • one celled parasite

- can invade liver and form abscess

A

E. histolytica

37
Q

Symptomatic or invasive colitis is treated with what?

A

metronidazole followed by luminal amebicide (such as paromomycin, diiodohydroxyquin, or diloxanide furoate) to elminate intraluminal cysts

38
Q
  • aminoglycoside (not orally absorbed)
  • Bind to 30S ribosome to disrupt protein synthesis
  • drug of choice for colonization of intesting with E. histolytica
  • Alternative to metronidazole for E. histolytica infection during PREGNANCY
A

Paromomicin

39
Q

Flagellated protozoan parasite

A

Giardia Lamblia

40
Q

Rice paddy fields?

Treatment?

A

schistosomiasis

Praziquantel

41
Q

Low CD4 count . . less than 100?

Treatment?

A

cryptococcosis

Tenovovir-Emtricitabine-Efavirenz

42
Q

Patient with C. diff . . doesn’t respond to metronidazole. give this next ORALLY to treat the diarrhea

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Recurrent hospital acquired infectious colitis (C. diff) . . . ICU acquired also

A

Fidaxomicin

44
Q

1st choice for C. Diff?

Recurrence?

ICU?

A
  • metronidazole
  • Vancomycin

Fidaxomicin

GI 2 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions