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Cardiovascular > Pharm for HTN, HF, Dysrrhythmias, and Blood clots > Flashcards

Pharm for HTN, HF, Dysrrhythmias, and Blood clots Flashcards

1
Q

Name three drugs in the alpha-1 antagonist drug class

A

1) doxazosin
2) terazosin
3) prazosin

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2
Q

What is the MOA of alpha-1 antagonists

A

vasodilate blood vessels

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3
Q

What is the MOA of beta-1 selective antagonists

A

decrease HR, decrease conduction velocity = decrease in stress placed on heart

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4
Q

What is the common ending of beta-1 selective and non-selective beta antagonists

A

-olol

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5
Q

What is the MOA of non-selective beta antagonists

A

decrease HR and conduction velocity and bronchocontrict

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6
Q

drugs that end in -alol or -ilol are part of what drug class?

A

Alpha and beta antangonsits

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7
Q

What is the MOA of alpha and beta antagonists?

A

decrease HR, conduction velocity, vasodilate blood vessels, bronchoconstrict, decrease sympathetic activity

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8
Q

List three common alpha-1 antagonist drugs

A

1) doxazosin
2) terazosin
3) prazosin

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9
Q

Give an example of a beta-1 selective antagonist drug.

A

Metoprolol

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10
Q

Give an example of a non-selective beta antangonist drug.

A

Propranolol

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11
Q

Give an example of an alpha/beta antagonist drug.

A

1) labetalol

2) carvedilol

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12
Q

What is the MOA of alpha-2 agonists?

A

decrease sympathetic activity

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13
Q

Give two examples of an alpha-2 agonist drug.

A

1) clonidine
2) methyldopa
3) guanfacine

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14
Q

Name the 5 drug classes that decrease HR via a direct action.

A

THEY ARE ALL SYMPATHOMIMETICS

1) alpha-1 antagonists
2) beta-1 selective antagonists
3) non-selective beta antagonists
4) combo alpha/beta antagonists
5) alpha-2 agonists

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15
Q

What drug is 1st choice for severe hypertension in a pregnant patient?

A

Methyldopa

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16
Q

What drug is 2nd choice for severe HTN in a pregnant patient?

A

Labetalol

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17
Q

What drug is 1st choice treatment for severe pre-eclampsia in a pregnant patient?

A

Labetalol

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18
Q

What drug is 1st choice in treatment for severe eclampsia in a pregnant patient?

A

Magnesium sulfate

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19
Q

What antihypertension drug class(es) is/are contraindicated in patients w/ asthma and/or COPD?

A

non-selective beta antagonists & alpha/beta antagonists

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20
Q

What antihypertension drug class is contraindicated in patients w/ DM?

A

alpha/beta antagonists

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21
Q

Name the 3 antihypertensive drug classes that are contraindicated in patients w/ heart failure.

A

1) alpha-1 antagonists
3) non-selective beta antagonists
4) alpha-2 agonists

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22
Q

Name two antihypertensive medications that can also be used to treat hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, migraines, heart failure, and adrenertic overload

A

1) labetalol
2) carvedilol
BOTH ARE ALPHA/BETA ANTAGONISTS

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23
Q

What are the 4 antihypertensive drug classes that are the first choice of treatment for DM patients?

A

1) ACE-Is
2) ARBs
3) Thiazide/Thiazide-like
4) DHP CCBs

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24
Q

What are the 4 antihypertensive drug classes that are the first choice treatment for HTN?

A

1) ACE-Is
2) ARBs
3) Thiazide/Thiazide-like
4) DHP CCBs

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25
Q

What are the 3 antihypertensive drug classes that are the first choice treatment of HTN in those of African decent?

A

1) Thiazide/Thiazide-like
2) DHP CCBs
3) loop diuretics (furosemide)

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26
Q

What are the 2 antihypertensive drug classes that are the first choice treatment of HTN in those w/ CKD (chronic kidney disease)?

A

1) ACE-Is

2) ARBs

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27
Q

What are the 2 antihypertensive drug classes that are the second choice treatment of HTN in those w/ CKD?

A

1) DHP CCBs

2) Thiazide/Thiazide-like

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28
Q

What class of hypertension medications has a common side effect of a dry, unproductive cough?

A

ACE-Is

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29
Q

Name the 4 drug classes that are used to treat HTN & Heart Failure

A

1) ACE-Is
2) ARBs
3) beta blockers
4) MRAs (spironolactone)

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30
Q

What medication is an MRA and also a potassium sparing diurectic?

A

Spironolactone

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31
Q

What drug class is the most potent potassium wasting?

A

Loop diuretics

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32
Q

What medication can be used to treat HTN, BPH, and pheochromocytoma?

A

Doxazosin

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33
Q

What three HTN drug classes are also useful in treatment of patients who are post-MI?

A

beta-1 selective antagonists
ARBs
MRAs (spironolactone)

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34
Q

What two drug classes have angioedema as a serious side effect?

A

ACE-Is and ARBs

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35
Q

Name 4 antihypertensive drug classes that should be used to treat HTN in patients w/ a Hx of stroke.

A

1) ACE-Is
2) ARBs
3) Thiazide/Thiazide-like
4) DHP CCBs

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36
Q

What is the common ending for ACE-I medications?

A

-pril

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37
Q

What is the common ending for ARB medications?

A

-sartan

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38
Q

What is the common ending for the DHP CCBs?

A

-dipine

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39
Q

Name two 5th choice medications for the treatement of HTN.

A

1) hydralazine

2) minoxidil

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40
Q

What antiHTN drug class should NOT be Rx’d to patients with a severe allergy to SULFA drugs?

A

Thiazide/Thiazide-like

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41
Q

Name three sympatholytic drugs that may cause ED?

A

Metoprolol, clonidine, methyldopa

42
Q

Name two antihypertensive medications that list acute kidney injury as a side effect.

A

1) lisinopril

2) aliskiren

43
Q

Name a direct renin inhibitor medication.

44
Q

Name the two antihypertensive drug classes that reduce chronic kidney disease in T2DM.

A

ACE-Is & ARBx

45
Q

What three classes of drugs are used to treat angina and HTN?

A

Beta-blockers, CCBs, and nitrates

46
Q

Which sub class of calcium channel blockers (DHP CCBs or non-DHP CCBs) can be used as monotherapy for the treatment of angina?

A

non-DHP CCBs

47
Q

Which drug class that treats angina cannot be combined with ED medications w/in 24-48 hours?

48
Q

What medication in the nitrate family relieves the SYMPYOMS of angina and is short acting

A

nitroglycerine

49
Q

All of the RAAS drug classes cause hyperkalemia EXCEPT:

A

MRAs (spironolactone)

50
Q

What two RAAS drug classes can also be used as stroke prophylaxis?

A

ACE-Is & ARBs

51
Q

When treating stage I HF, what 2 drug classes are your first choice?

A

ACE-Is, specifically enalapril

ARBs, specifically valsartan

52
Q

When treating stage I HF, what two medications are your first choice for treatment?

A

enalapril & valsartan

53
Q

When treating stage II HF, what 2 drug classes are your 1st choice?

A

ACE-Is, specifically enalapril

ARBs, specifically valsartan

54
Q

When treating stage II HF, what 2 drug classes can be combined w/ ACE-Is or ARBs as a treatement choice?

A

Beta-blockers (metoprolol or carvedilol)

MRAs (spironolactone

55
Q

When treating stage III HF, ACE-Is/ARBs + what drug class is your 1st choice?

A

Beta-blockers (metoprolol or carvedilol)

56
Q

What medication can be combined w/ ACE-Is/ARBs + beta blockers to treat additional symptoms of stage III HF?

57
Q

What drug is used to treat stage IV HF?

58
Q

What is the common ending for drugs that are alpha-1 antagonists?

59
Q

What is the common ending for drugs that are loop diuretics?

60
Q

Name the 4 drugs classes that list reflex tachycardia as a side effect.

A

1) alpha-1 antagonists
2) dihydrapine CCBs
3) Direct vasodilators (hydralazine & minoxidil)
4) nitrates

61
Q

What is the common ending for drugs that are dihydrapine CCBs?

62
Q

What is the common ending for drugs that are Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs)

63
Q

What two nitrate medications reduce anginal episodes?

A

1) isosorbide mononitrate

2) isosorbide dinitrate

64
Q

What are the two “classes” that are your 1st choice for controlling RATE in dysrhythmias?

A 
Class 2 (beta blockers)
Class 4 (non-DHP CCBs)
65
Q

What are the two most prevelant drugs in the non-DHP CCB drug class?

A

verapamil & diltiazem

66
Q

What other medications, other than metoprolol, diltiazem, and verapamil also control RATE in dysrhythmias?

A

amiodarone, sotalol, digoxin

67
Q

What three medications provide RHYTHM control in the treatment of dysrhythmias? HINT: one is off-label.

A

amiodarone (off-label), dronedarone, flecainide

68
Q

What medication provides RATE & RHYTHM control in the treatment of dysrhythmias?

69
Q

What antihypertension drug class can also be used to treat A-Fib?

A

Non-DHP CCBs

70
Q

Name two medication that treat HTN that are contraindicated in patients w/ gout.

A

Aliskiren & hydrochlorothiazide

71
Q

What antiHTN drug class can also be used to treat addtional symptoms in stage III HF?

A

Thiazide/Thiazide-like

72
Q

Hypokalemia increases this medications toxicity

73
Q

What antiHTN drug class is also useful for the treatment of angina, A-Fib, PSVT, and atrial arhythmias?

A

non-DHP CCBs (verapamil & diltiazem)

74
Q

What class of antidysrhythmics is known to cause Torsades de Pointes?

75
Q

What three classes of anidysrhythmics are negative inotropes and should not be used in patients w/ HF.

A

Class 1a
Class 3
Class 4

76
Q

What medications are part of the 1a Class of antidysrhythmics?

A

quinidine
procainamide
disopyramide

77
Q

What medications are part of the 1b class of antidysrhythmics?

A

lidocaine
phenytoin
mexiletine

78
Q

What medications are part of the 1c class of antidysrhythmics?

A

flecainide

propafenone

79
Q

What medications are part of the class 2 antidysrhythmics?

A

Beta blockers (metoprolol tartrate)

80
Q

What medications are part of the class 3 antidysrhythmics?

A 
amiodarone
dronedarone
sotalol
dofetilide
ibutilide
81
Q

Which antidysrhythmic drug class is used to treat life threatening V-Fib?

A

Class 3 (amiodarone, sotalol)

82
Q

Which anydysrhythmic medication is used to treat Torsades de Pointes?

A

Magnesium Sulfate (Class 5)

83
Q

What medications are part of the class 4 antidysrhythmics?

A

Non-DHP CCBs (verapamil & diltiazem)

84
Q

What medications are part of the class 5 antidysrhythmics?

A

Adenosine, digoxin, magnesium sulfate

85
Q

Which antidysrhythmic drug class is used to treat supraventicular tachycardia, PSVT, and A-Fib?

A

Class 1c (flecainide)

86
Q

Which antidysrhythmic medication is used for long term treatment and prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias?

A

Amiodarone

87
Q

Which antidysrhythmic medication can cause liver and lung toxicity?

A

amiodarone

88
Q

Which antidysrhythmic medication can cause Torsades de Pointes?

A

amiodarone

89
Q

Name two medication that can be used for stroke prevention due to their antiplatelet capacity.

A

Aspirin & clopidogrel

90
Q

Name the medication that is used to prevent clots during cardiac catheterization.

91
Q

What medication is a antithrombolytic and known as a “clot buster”?

A

alteplase/activase

92
Q

What medication can be used in the treatment of a non-hemorrhaging CVA?

93
Q

What is the name of the drug class that can be used to treat and provide prophylaxis for DVT, PE, and strokes?

A

anticoagulants

94
Q

Name one medication that is a LMWH?

A

enoxaparin

95
Q

What does HIT stand for?

A

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

96
Q

What factors does Warfarin inhibit?

A

X, IX, VII, II

97
Q

What proteins does warfarin inhibit?

A

protein S & C

98
Q

What is the time to onset of warfarin?

99
Q

What is the time to onset of heparin?

100
Q

Name three DOACs

A

dabigatran, rivaroxiban, apixaban

101
Q

What are three advantages of Xa factor inhibitors (rivaroxiban & apixaban) over warfarin

A

1) no need for routine lab tests
2) very few drug interactions
3) rapid onset + short wash out = no bridging

102
Q

What are three disadvantages of Xa factor inhibitors (rivaroxiban & apixaban) over warfarin?

A

1) cost
2) adherence is critical
3) not effective for stroke prevention in patients w/ prosthetic heart valve.

Cardiovascular (7 decks)

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