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Cardiovascular > CV Phys. Exam > Flashcards

CV Phys. Exam Flashcards

1
Q

noise produced by turbulent flow of blood

A

bruits

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2
Q

palpable, turbulent blood flow; palpable murmur

A

Thrills

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3
Q

Sustained impulses usually produced by an enlarged heart; generally associated w/ HF, either left sided or right sided

A

Heaves and lifts

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4
Q

sounds you hear when taking a BP

A

Korotkoff sounds

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5
Q

maximum arterila pressure during contraction of left ventricle

A

systolic

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6
Q

minimum arterial pressure during relaxation

A

diastolic

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7
Q

S1 heart sounds

A

closing of mitral and tricuspid valves; “lub”; beginning of systole

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8
Q

S2 heart sounds

A

closing of aortic and pulmonic valves; “dub”; beginning diastole

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9
Q

S3 heart sounds

A

occurs just after S2 as mitral vavle opens; considered normal in young athletes; in elderly generally diagnositic of CHF; “Kentucky”

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10
Q

S4 heart sounds

A

Occurs just before S1; “Tennessee”; always pathological; RT sided diastolic heart failure; active ischemia

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11
Q

an exaggerated fall in systolic BP and rate on inspiration; found w/ cardiac tamponade, acute asthma, COPD, pericarditis

A

Pulsus paradoxus

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12
Q

Large volume, anemia, hepatic failure, Resp. failure (high CO2)

A

Bounding pulses

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13
Q

best for higher pitched sounds like breath sounds and normal heart sounds; S1 & S2; Mitral regurgitation

A

stethoscope diaphragm (firm pressure)

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14
Q

best for detecting lower pitched sounds like some heart murmurs and bowel sounds; S3 & S4; mitral stenosis

A

stethoscope bell (light pressure)

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15
Q

incompetent valve leaflets; blood goes wrong way in a one way valve

A

regurgitation

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16
Q

incompetent sclerotic valves; scar tissue/stiff; only allows blood to go one way, berudgingly

A

stenosis

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17
Q

general physical wasting w/ loss of weight and muscle mass due to a disease

A

cachexia

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18
Q

Beck’s Triad

A
  1. distended neck veins
  2. decreased or muffled heart sounds
  3. decreased blood pressure or hypotension due to cardiac tamponade or pericarditis
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19
Q

Corneal Arcus, aka “arcus senilis”

A

white, grey, or blue opaque ring around the iris; if present in elderly, assoc w/ hyperlipidemia; have an underlying cardiac issue

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20
Q

clubbing

A

bulbous swelling of the ends of the fingers and toes; associated w/ cardio, pulmonary, and endocrine issues

21
Q

Causes of peripheral cyanosis

A
  1. cold
  2. obstruction (DVT, peripheral vascular disease)
  3. LVF & shock (decreased cardiac output)
22
Q

Causes of central cyanosis

A
  1. arterial blood desaturation/abnormal hemoglobin (polycythemia, altitude, lung disease, methemoglobinemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, shunt)
23
Q

murmur

A

a noise produced by turbulent flow of blood in the HEART

24
Q

What is the “timing” of heart sounds?

A

S4, S1, S2, S3 heart sounds

25
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling b/c of decreased space;

26
Q

tamponade

A

tourniquet

27
Q

splinter hermorrhages

A

tiny blood clots running vertical under nail beds; commonly causes by sub-acute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

28
Q

What are some causes of spinter hemorrhages

A
  1. sub-acute bacterial endocarditis
  2. trichinosis (round worms)
  3. systemic lupus erythermatosus
  4. Rheumatoid arthritis
  5. Trauma
29
Q

pain caused by insufficient blood flow, usually during exercise

A

Claudication

30
Q

Janeway Lesions

A

miniature abscesses; flat, painless, NON-TENDER macules found distally on the palms of hands and soles of feet; tips of fingers and plantar surfaces of toes; associated w/ Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)

31
Q

Osler Nodes

A

Red-purple lumps, slightly raised, TENDER, typically found on fingers and/or toes; common cause: gonococcal infection

32
Q

Prinzmetal angina

A

aka: variant angina, typically happens at rest, but in cycles.

33
Q

common signs/symptoms of SBE

A

splinter hemorrhage, Janeway lesions,

34
Q

orthostatic hypotension #’s (take measurements in 3 min increments)

A

drop in systolic BP of 20 mmHg
drop in diastolic pressure of 10 mmHg
Pulse increase by 20 beats/minute

35
Q

orthopnea

A

SOB that occurs when lying flat

36
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

severe SOB, esp. at night

37
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen

38
Q

If you are checking pulses and get a “regularly irregular” pulse, what underlying conditions could this be indicative of?

A
  1. 2nd degree heart block
  2. ventricular bigeminy
  3. trigeminy
  4. quardrigeminy
39
Q

If you are checking pulses and get a “irregularly irregular” pulse, what underlying condition could this be indicative of?

A
  1. a-fib

2. frequent ventricular ectopics

40
Q

When ascultating the apex, what valve are you listening to?

A

Mitral

41
Q

When asculatating the LSB, what valve are you listening to?

A

Tricuspid

42
Q

When ascultating the Pulmonic area, what valve are you listening to?

A

Pulmonic

43
Q

When ascultating the aortic area, what valve are you listening to?

A

Aortic

44
Q

FAT CLAM

A

conditions associated with an S3

45
Q

What does FAT CLAM stand for?

A 
Fever, fetus
Anemia
Thyrotoxicosis
Constrictive pericarditis
Left ventricular failure
Acute mocardial infarction
Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
46
Q

my “4-H CAPE”

A

conditions associated with an S4

47
Q

What does “4-H CAPE” stand for?

A 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertensions
Hyperthyroidism
Heart blocks
Certain anemias
Acute myocardial infarction
Pulmonic & aortic stenosis
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48
Q

regurgitations

A

aortic insufficiency

Cardiovascular (7 decks)

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