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DPT710A: Pharmacology > Pharm Final: Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Pharm Final: Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

What are considered 1st line medications? (4)

A
  1. Thiazide Diuretics
  2. ACE inhibitors
  3. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
  4. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
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2
Q

What are considered 2nd line medications? (4)

A
  1. Beta-blockers
  2. Aldosterone Antagonists
  3. Loop Diuretics
  4. Direct Vasodialators, alpha-1 blockers, alpha-2 blockers
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3
Q

Category: Diuretics
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A 
Category: Diuretics
Antihypertensive Drug
Thiazide Diuretics- First line
Loop Diuretics- Second line
Renal Agent

Mechanism of Action: inhibition of sodium/chloride reuptake (Thiazide), excretes electrolytes (Loop).

Side Effects: Hypotension, Renal Dysfunction, Volume Depletion, Electrolyte disturbances.

Purpose: Primarily act on kidneys to decrease plasma fluid volume and reduce afterload.

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4
Q

Category: Sympatholytics (Beta Blockers)
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

Category: Sympatholytics (Beta Blockers
Antihypertensive Drug

Mechanism of Action: Beta 1 blockade; inhibits sympathetic cardiac stimulation of SA node; inhibits reinin secretion –> vasodilation

Side Effects: Fatigue, cold hands, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath.

Purpose: Primarily act on various sites within sympathetic nervous system to decrease sympathetic influence on heart.

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5
Q

Category: Vasodilators
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

Category: Vasodilators
Antihypertensive Drug
Direct Vasodialators- 2nd Line
Peripheral Vascular Agent

Mechanism of Action:

Side Effects:

Purpose: Primarily act on peripheral vasculature to lower vascular resistance.

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6
Q

Category: ACE Inhibitors
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

Category: ACE Inhibitors
Antihypertensive Drug
First Line
Renal Agent

Mechanism of Action:

  • Inhibits ACE/conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
  • Reduces production of ADH
  • Reduces aldosterone production

Side Effects: angioedema, cough, orthostasis, hypotension, hyperkalemia

Purpose: Primarily act on peripheral vasculature and certain involved organs to prevent vasoconstriction and reduce fluid volume.

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7
Q

Category: CCBs
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

Category: CCBs
Antihypertensive Drug
First Line
Direct Cardiac Agent

Mechanism of Action: blocks calcium re-entry

Side Effects: hypotension, AV blocks, reflex tachycardia, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, edema, nausea, constipation

Purpose: Primarly acts on vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle to decrease contractility, cardiac force and rate; reduces afterload and causes vasodilation.

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8
Q

Ace inhibitors often end with the suffix ___

A

“pril”

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9
Q

CCB’s often end with the suffix ___

A

“pine”

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10
Q

Beta Blockers often end with the suffix ___

A

“olol”

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11
Q

Category: ARB’s
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

Category: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
1st Line
Antihypertensive Drug

Mechanism of Action:
Inhibits angiotensin II receptor –> causes vasodilation
Reduces ADH production –> reduces fluid volume
Reduces Aldosterone production –> reduces fluid volume

Side Effects:
Angioedema, Orthostasis/hypotension, Hyperlakemia

Purpose:
Cause vasodilation and reduce fluid volume

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12
Q

ARB’s often end with the suffix ____

A

“sartan”

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13
Q

What is angina?

A

chest pain due to ischemia and imbalance of oxygen supply and demand

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14
Q

What are the 4 pirmary medications for Angina management

A
  1. Nitrates
  2. Beta Blockers
  3. CCB
  4. Ranolazine
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15
Q

What is the function of Nitrates?

A

reduces O2 demand by promoting nitric oxide release –> vasodilation, decreases preload

(short acting first line for angina attacks, long acting second line after beta blockers for symptom relief)

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16
Q

What is the function of Beta Blockers?

A

reduces O2 demand by limiting maximum stimulation (HR)

17
Q

What is the function of CCB?

A

increases O2 supply and decreases O2 demand by blocking calcium re-entry –> reduces contractility and HR

18
Q

What is the function of Ranolazine?

A

no effects on O2 supply or demand; mechanism unknown

2nd line

19
Q

What is ischemic heart disease?

A

cardiac muscle has insufficient oxygen

20
Q

What are the two solutions to ischemic heart disease and how can the be achieved physiologically?

A
  1. Reduce cardiac O2 demand (decrease preload, contractility, and/or afterload)
  2. Increase cardiac O2 supply (increase coronary flow and/or O2 extraction)
21
Q

What are the 5 medications for MI?

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. P2Y12 Inhibitor
  3. Beta Blocker
  4. Statin
  5. ACE Inhibitor
22
Q

MI - Aspirin
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

MI - Aspirin
Mechanism of Action: antiplatelet agent

Side Effects: bruising, GI intolerance

Purpose:

23
Q

MI - P2Y12
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

MI - P2Y12
Mechanism of Action:
antiplatelet agent

Side Effects:

Purpose:

24
Q

MI - Beta Blocker
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

MI - Beta Blocker
Mechanism of Action: Beta 1 blockage; inhibits sympathetic cardiac stimulation of SA node; inhibits renin secretion –> vasodilation

Side Effects: fatigue, cold hands, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath

Purpose: acts on sympathetic nervous system to decrease sympathetic influence on heart (decrease HR)

25
Q

MI - Statin
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A

MI - Statin
Mechanism of Action: Up-regulate LDL surface receptors, LDL breakdown and VLDL prduction, LDL production

Side Effects: myopathy, headache, HI, myalgia

Purpose: Decrease cholesterol production in the liver (decrease lipids)

26
Q

MI - ACE Inhibitor
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Purpose:

A 
Category: ACE Inhibitors
Mechanism of Action: 
-Inhibits ACE/conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
-Reduces production of ADH
-Reduces aldosterone production

Side Effects: angioedema, cough, orthostasis, hypotension, hyperkalemia

Purpose: Primarily act on peripheral vasculature and certain involved organs to prevent vasoconstriction and reduce fluid volume (decrease BP)

27
Q

What medications will help with CHF? (6)

A
  1. Cardiac Glycosides (decrease contractility)
  2. ACE Inhibitors (decrease BP)
  3. Beta Blockers (decrease HR)
  4. Aldosterone Antagonists (decreases BP)
  5. Vasodilators (decrease BP)
  6. Diuretics (decrease BP)
28
Q

What is CHF?

A

chronic overwork of hear muscle causes hypertrophic remodeling, reduces cardiac output, causes fluid retention

29
Q

CHF - Aldosteron Antagonnists

Mechanism of Action:

A

inhibits aldosterone by inhibiting sodium-potassium exchange site in distal tubule –> excretes sodium and water, retains potassium

DPT710A: Pharmacology (8 decks)

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