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Pharmacology 2024 > Pharm Exam Finale > Flashcards

Pharm Exam Finale Flashcards

1
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • Rinse mouth after use
  • Works best if used daily (bc it is a steroid)
  • ## Usually, combined w. LABAs
  • Weight gain
  • Thrush
  • Rare adrenal suppression
  • Epistaxis (nose bleeds)
  • Localized irritation
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2
Q

Montelukast

A
  • Not for rescue
  • Oral pill (not inhaled)
  • Class: leukotriene modifier
  • ## Long term use of asthma
  • Psychiatric
  • Depression/suicidal thoughts
  • Liver impairment
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3
Q

Formoterol

A
  • Bronchodilator
  • LABA
  • DON’T use in acute bronchospasm
  • Long-term use
  • ALWAYS/MUST BE combined w steroid (inc. risk
    of death)
    ————————————————————————–
  • Tachycardia
  • Angina
  • Tremors
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4
Q

Levalbuterol

A
  • SABA
  • Less Beta-1 agonist activation (not as tachycardic)
  • ## Expensive (not given much)
  • Tachycardia: less likely
  • Angina
  • Tremors
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4
Q

Albuterol

A
  • On it for life
  • SABA
  • Rescue inhaler/for acute bronchospasm
  • Nebulizer has a higher dose vs. inhaler
  • Commonly combined w. Atrovent to create
    Duoneb
    —————————————————————————
  • Tachycardia
  • Angina
  • Tremors
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5
Q

Ipratropium

A
  • Onset within 30 sec.
  • Lasts 6hrs.
  • Anticholinergic (monitor for s/s)
  • Use: acute bronchospasms
    ***combined w. albuterol = Duoneb
    —————————————————————————
  • Anticholinergic s/s
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6
Q

Cetirizine

A
  • 2nd gen antihistamine
  • Use: allergies
  • Doesn’t reduce nasal congestion; less drowsy than 1st gen.
  • ## Most effective prophylactically (taken daily)
  • Excitatory phase in pediatrics (same as Benadryl; sleepy then wired)
  • Anticholinergic s/s (could result in catheterization)
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7
Q

Codeine

A
  • THE BEST antitussive (cough)
  • Opiate pain med
  • Monitor for resp. depression
  • ## Give in small doses
  • Resp. depression
  • Opiate side effects (constipation, addiction,
    slurred speech, etc.)
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8
Q

Guaifenesin

A
  • Expectorant
  • More productive coughs (yay)
  • Used for when pt. can’t get up thick secretions
    (supportive treatment)
    ————————————————————————–
  • Renal based
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9
Q

Benzonatate

A
  • Assess neuro function
  • Cough suppressant/antitussive
  • DO NOT crush, let it sit in back of mouth so it
    numbs the area
    —————————————————————————
  • Numbness
  • Drowsiness
  • Constipation
  • Insomnia
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10
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A
  • Direct neutralization of stomach acid
  • ## Short-term effects
  • Constipation
  • Gas
  • Can cause electrolyte abnormalities
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10
Q

Famotidine

A
  • Rapid absorption in small intestines
  • Class: Histamine 2 (H-2)
  • Suppresses gastric acid
  • Can be taken at meal times
  • ## 1st line treatment for prevention of ulcers in ICU patients
  • Pneumonia
  • CNS effects
  • Refractory Acid Reflux
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11
Q

Omeprazole/Pantoprazole

A
  • Most effective in suppressing gastric acid secretion
  • Well tolerated
  • Treatment option for PUDs
  • ## Take first think in morning (SOMETIMES before bed)
  • Headaches,
  • N/V/D
  • High risk for C/ diff
  • Hypomagnesium (long term use)
  • DO NOT take with other meds
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12
Q

Bismuth

A
  • H pylori treatment
  • ## Treats all GI symptoms (nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea)
  • Dark stools
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12
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • Use: N/V to promote gastric motility
  • ## Major use: diabetic gastroparesis
  • EPS s/s (ex. Tardive dyskinesia)
  • Sedation
  • Diarrhea
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12
Q

Sucralfate

A
  • Creates coating on stomach for PUD
  • DO NOT give w. other meds
  • Given at meal times
  • ## Pill or drink (both are dissolved in water) -No serious AEs-
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13
Q

Docusate

A
  • Take w. full glass of water
  • ## Inc. water in stool
  • Diarrhea, abdominal cramping
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14
Q

Magnesium Citrate

A
  • Laxative (stool softener)
  • Off label use: GI prep
  • Very fast-acting
  • Ensure hydration
  • ## Patient takes the whole bottle to drink
  • Not for renally impaired -> they will end up with very high mag levels
  • Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
15
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A
  • Ensure hydration
  • Monitor food and electrolytes
  • ## First-line constipation treatment (prophylactic)
  • GI S/s
16
Q

Loperamide

A
  • Most effective antidiarrheal (because its an opiate)
  • Never use to treat diarrhea caused by infection
  • ## Check allergies related to opiates
  • Constipation
17
Q

Dicyclomine

A
  • Use: IBS
  • Stops cramps
  • ## Antispasmotic
  • Paralytic ileus (GI stops moving)  treat with ambulation
18
Q

Scopolamine

A
  • Sticker behind the ear (transdermal use)
  • Good for hospice (makes em sleepy, dry mouth)
  • Anticholinergic
  • ## Watch for local skin reaction (particularly w the stickers)
  • Anticholinergic s/s
19
Q

Meclizine

A
  • ## Use: motion sickness (cruise ship drug)
  • Drowsiness (bc its an antihistamine) - Anticholinergic s/s
20
Q

Ondansetron

A
  • (Zofran)
  • First-line treatment for nausea
  • VERY well tolerated
  • Can be given sublingually (ODT)
  • ## Only helps if given before emesis (puking)
  • QT prolongation**
  • Headache
  • GI symptoms
21
Q

Vit D

A
  • Pts. W deficiencies or fractures (supports bone health)
  • ## Almost always given w. Calcium (not for cancer pts.)
  • No AE with the vitamin (its naturally occurring)
22
Q

LMWH (low molecular
weight heparins)

A
  • Inactivates factor Xa
  • DVT prophylaxis
  • Antidote is protamine sulfate
  • BID Dosing – active
  • Bruising
  • Monitoring for bleeding
23
Q

Heparin

A
  • Does not matter if the kidneys suck
  • DOC for pt with bad kidneys for DVT prophylaxis
  • Antidote is protamine sulfate
  • Heparin-induced
    thrombocytopenia
    (low platelets)
24
Q

Warfarin

A
  • Vitamin K antagonist so if diet has lots of vitamin K, gonna change warfarin
  • Works slow
  • Monitor PT/INR (clotting time) 2.0-3.0 normal is < 1
  • Reverse overdose – FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
  • If INR high skip a dose…
  • Do not reverse if not bleeding!!
  • Antidote VITAMIN K
  • Hemorrhage
  • Teratogenesis
25
Q

Rivaroxaban

A
  • Xa inhibitors
  • Used for A fib and DVT
  • Lower dose for renal
  • Last for a long time
  • Transition med: heparin
  • Antidote: Kcentra
  • Bleeding
  • Interaction with
    antibiotics
26
Q

Apixaban

A
  • Xa inhibitors
  • Used for A fib and
    DVT
  • Lower dose for renal
  • Last for long time
  • Transition med:
    heparin
    Antidote: Kcentra
  • Bleeding
  • Interaction with
    antibiotics
27
Q

Aspirin

A
  • 81 mg/day general coronary artery disease prevention
  • Active problem – 325 mg
  • Clot prevention
  • NSAID
  • Give enteric-coated
    to not mess with
    stomach pain
  • Bleeding
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
28
Q

Clopidogrel

A

antiplatelets
- Paired with aspirin
for 12 months if you
have a heart attack
- Listen to recording
38:00

  • Bleeding
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
29
Q

Alteplase (Tpa)

A
  • Go to med for strokes previously, now to break up formed clots
  • Used in MI, ischemic stroke, massive PE
  • Given for heart attack when cath lab not available!!!
  • Screen for bleeding
  • Monitor patients closely

-bleeding

30
Q

Kcentra

A
  • Given when actively bleeding
  • Provides many factors
  • Heparin allergy can’t take!!!
31
Q

Epoetin Alfa

A
  • Pt with low hemoglobin with no chance of it getting better on its own
  • Monitor for thrombosis
  • HTN (contraindicated with HgB of 11 due to
    incr risk of A/E) , TIA, MI, thrombolic events
32
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A
  • Iron deficient
  • Vitamin c enhances absorption
  • Oral replacement isn’t as good
  • Overdose tx: deferoxamine (deferral)
  • Black stool
  • Constipation
  • N/V
  • Brown stains on teeth
33
Q

Baclofen

A
  • Muscle relaxer
  • Not used with stroke
  • Sedation
  • withdrawal
34
Q

Alendronate

A

(Fosamax) - used for osteoporosis
- take with full glass of water in upright position for 30 mins to hour after taking, med can get stuck on esophagus and cause ulcer
- take 30 mins before first food, beverage, or med

  • N/D
  • Dyspepsia
  • Flatulence/constipation
  • Bone fractures
  • Myalgia
35
Q

Colchicine

A

(Colcrys)
- antigout medication
- only give for 2 days to help inflammatory process and reduce inflammation

  • GI
  • N/V/D
  • Myopathy
36
Q

Allopurinol

A

(Zyloprim)
- Reduce levels of uric acid over time
- Not effective for acute exacerbation
- Chronic gout, given everyday
- Dietary changes

  • Hypersensitive syndrome
  • GI effects
  • Neuro effects
37
Q

The management of H. Pylori

A
  • Metronidazole (antibiotics as a whole)
  • PPI or H2
  • Pepto bismol
  • Tx lasts for over a month
  • Breath test or stool sample to test for H. Pylori
38
Q

Know the management of HIT

A
  • Stop heparin
39
Q

the management of DVT

A
  • Prevented with lovenox, heparin, pills
  • Prophylaxis: compression socks, SCDs, meds ^
  • Good kidneys: lovenox
  • Bad kidneys: heparin
  • If bleeding for prophylaxis, give socks/SCD (for example: HgB is 5 or actively bleeding)
  • IVC filter: inferior vena cava filter to prevent clots
40
Q

Bone cocktail:

A

calcium, vitamin D, once those levels are good…give alendronate!!!! If you don’t have enough vitamins to build bones, can’t build them

Pharmacology 2024 (4 decks)

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