Pharm: cognitive disorders Flashcards
Risperidone
Atypical antipsychotic used to treat agitation and aggression in Alzheimer dementia. Also treats hallucinations and delirium.
MOA: D2 antagonist
SE: minimal
Define dementia
chronic global and irreversible deterioration of cognition
Olanzepine
Atypical antipsychotic used to treat agitation and aggression in Alzheimer dementia. Also treats hallucinations and delirium.
MOA: D2 antagonist
SE: minimal
Quetiapine
Atypical antipsychotic used to treat agitation and aggression in Alzheimer dementia. Also treats hallucinations.
MOA: D2 antagonist
SE: minimal
Sertraline
Treats depression in Alzheimer dementia
MOA: SSRI
Fluoxetine
Treats depression in Alzheimer dementia
MOA: SSRI
Haloperidol
Typical antipsychotic used to treat delusions in Alzheimer dementia.
Also treats delirium by decreasing agitation and improving psychotic symptoms.
MOA: DA inverse agonist
SE: extrapyramidal disorders (akinesia, difficulty stopping motions)
Donepezil
Used to improve cognition in Alzheimer dementia.
MOA: AChase inhibitor
SE: cholinergic side effects (diarrhea, N/V)
Rivastigmine
Treats mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia. Must be taken with food. Also treats Lewy Body Dementia
MOA: AChase inhibitor
SE: cholinergic side effects (diarrhea, N/V)
Galantamine
Slows the decline of cognition in Alzheimer dementia.
MOA: AChase inhibitor
SE: cholinergic side effects (diarrhea, N/V), anorexia
Memantine
Slows deterioration of Alzheimer dementia but no effect on cognition.
MOA: NMDA antagonist
SE: delusion, confusion, hallucination
Can be used with AChase inhibitors in advanced AD.
Name a prophylaxis to prevent Alzheimer dementia.
Vitamin E supplementation
How do monoclonal Abs treat Alzheimer dementia?
Help degrade amyloid plaques. Ineffective in frontotemporal dementia because there are no plaques.
Paroxetine
Treats anxiety, eating disorders in patients with frontotemporal dementia.
MOA: SSRI
Name 4 drug classes used to treat vascular dementia.
- ACE inhibitors (-prils)
- Statins
- Anti-platelets (clopidogrel)
- Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, nimodipine)
Dedanosine, Stavudine, Zalcitabine
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors used in HIV dementia
Midazolam, Flunitrazepam
Drugs used post-surgery to induce amnesia.
Differentiate anterograde and retrograde amnesia.
Anterograde: inability to “A”cquire new memories.
Retrograde: inability to “R”etrieve old memories
Treatment for amnesia.
Supportive, no drugs
Define delirium
Acute, transient fluctuating disturbances in attention, and consciousness level.
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine used to treat delirium.
Methylphenidate
Management of ADHD
MOA: inhibits NE and DA re-uptake channels
SE: may cause weight loss, insomnia, addiction, mania
Dextroamphetamine, Lisdexamfetamine
Treat ADHD and narcolepsy
MOA: increase NE and DA transmission in brain
SE: myocardial infarct, tachycardia, seizures, anaphylaxis
Atomoxetine
Treats ADHD
MOA: NE re-uptake inhibitor
SE: prolong QT-interval, priapism, sudden cardiac death
Desipramine
ADHD management
MOA: NE and 5HT re-uptake blockers
SE: fatigue, dizziness, somnolence, cardiac complication
Guanfacine
Treatment of ADHD (clonidine can also be used)
MOA: alpha 2 agonist
SE: bradyarrhythmias, peeling skin, AV block
Bupropion
Smoking cessation assistance, bipolar disorders and ADHD.
MOA: inhibits NE and DA re-uptake
SE: agitation, arthralgia, xerostomia, Steven-Johnson syndrome
