Micro: bacterial meningitis Flashcards
1 cause of all bacterial meningitis
Strep pneumo
Main virulence factor for bugs that cause meningitis.
Capsule: allows crossing the BBB
3 major bugs that cause bacterial neonatal meningitis.
Strep agalactiae
E. coli
Listeria
3 main bugs that cause bacterial meningitis in infants and children.
Strep pneumo (main in elderly)
N. meningitidis (main in teenagers)
H. influenzae
Common manifestations indicative of meningococcal meningitis on physical exam.
Petechial Rash
Kernig Sign
Brudzinski sign
Nuchal rigitidy (in responsive patients)
Gram stain and hemolysis pattern of a CSF sample in a patient with pneumococcal meningitis.
Gram (+) diplococci
Alpa hemolysis
2 combo therapies for pneumococcal meningitis
Ceftriaxone + ampicillin
Ceftriaxone + vancomycin (if prevalence of resistant srep in over 2% in the community)
Gram stain of CSF in a patient suspected of having meningococcal meningitis.
Gram (-) diplococci
Major complication of meningococcal meningitis.
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome
-adrenal hemorrhage
Prophylaxis for people exposed to a patient with meningococcal meningitis.
Rifampin
Serotype of N. meningitidis not found in the meningococcal vaccine.
B
Gram stain of a CSF sample from a patient suspected to have H. influenzae meningitis.
Gram (-) pleomorphic coccobacilli
Type of agar that allows the growth of H. influenzae.
Chocolate agar
Major sign on PE that a neonate has meningitis.
Bulging fontanelle
Hemolysis pattern of group B strep.
Beta hemolysis
Gram stain of neonatal meningitis patient infected with E. coli and the major virulence factor.
Gram (-) rod
K1 capsular antigen
Gram stain on a neonate with meningitis caused by Listeria and mechanism of transmission from mother to child.
Gram (+) rod
Crosses placenta
Diagnosis of L. monocytogenes based on plate growth
Cold selection
+) CAMP test (also used for Strep a.
Gram stain of C. tetani and botulinum
Gram (+) rod
-anaerobe spore forming
Major symptoms of botulism
Flaccid paralysis (floppy baby) Constipation
(descending paralysis)
Main thing to remember when treating clostridium species.
Never give an antibiotic, give antitoxins. Also don’t close wounds infected by C. tetani because the oxygen will help kill the bacteria.
Major non-treponemal test to look for Neurosyphilis
VDRL
Major condition caused by neurosyphilis
Tabes Dorsalis
Which stage of Lyme disease causes Neuroborreliosis?
2nd stage
-causes cranial nerve palsies
Hawaii and Rat pee
Leptospira
spirochete
Veterinarian or farmer handling aborted animal fetuses.
Brucellosis
Acid-fast bacilli
Mycobacterium t.
What is unique about meningitis caused by TB?
Most meningitis is fast but TB meningitis is gradual onset mainly because it is a reactivation from a previous infection.
What is the gram stain and tests for Nocardia?
Gram (+) rods
Catalase (+)
symptoms result from location of abscess
