Micro: bacterial meningitis

Question 0

1 cause of all bacterial meningitis

Answer 0

Strep pneumo

Question 1

Main virulence factor for bugs that cause meningitis.

Answer 1

Capsule: allows crossing the BBB

Question 2

3 major bugs that cause bacterial neonatal meningitis.

Answer 2

Strep agalactiae
E. coli
Listeria

Question 3

3 main bugs that cause bacterial meningitis in infants and children.

Answer 3

Strep pneumo (main in elderly)
N. meningitidis (main in teenagers)
H. influenzae

Question 4

Common manifestations indicative of meningococcal meningitis on physical exam.

Answer 4

Petechial Rash
Kernig Sign
Brudzinski sign
Nuchal rigitidy (in responsive patients)

Question 5

Gram stain and hemolysis pattern of a CSF sample in a patient with pneumococcal meningitis.

Answer 5

Gram (+) diplococci

Alpa hemolysis

Question 6

2 combo therapies for pneumococcal meningitis

Answer 6

Ceftriaxone + ampicillin

Ceftriaxone + vancomycin (if prevalence of resistant srep in over 2% in the community)

Question 7

Gram stain of CSF in a patient suspected of having meningococcal meningitis.

Answer 7

Gram (-) diplococci

Question 8

Major complication of meningococcal meningitis.

Answer 8

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome

-adrenal hemorrhage

Question 9

Prophylaxis for people exposed to a patient with meningococcal meningitis.

Answer 9

Rifampin

Question 10

Serotype of N. meningitidis not found in the meningococcal vaccine.

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Gram stain of a CSF sample from a patient suspected to have H. influenzae meningitis.

Answer 11

Gram (-) pleomorphic coccobacilli

Question 12

Type of agar that allows the growth of H. influenzae.

Answer 12

Chocolate agar

Question 13

Major sign on PE that a neonate has meningitis.

Answer 13

Bulging fontanelle

Question 14

Hemolysis pattern of group B strep.

Answer 14

Beta hemolysis

Question 15

Gram stain of neonatal meningitis patient infected with E. coli and the major virulence factor.

Answer 15

Gram (-) rod

K1 capsular antigen

Question 16

Gram stain on a neonate with meningitis caused by Listeria and mechanism of transmission from mother to child.

Answer 16

Gram (+) rod

Crosses placenta

Question 17

Diagnosis of L. monocytogenes based on plate growth

Answer 17

Cold selection

+) CAMP test (also used for Strep a.

Question 18

Gram stain of C. tetani and botulinum

Answer 18

Gram (+) rod

-anaerobe spore forming

Question 19

Major symptoms of botulism

Answer 19

Flaccid paralysis (floppy baby)
Constipation

(descending paralysis)

Question 20

Main thing to remember when treating clostridium species.

Answer 20

Never give an antibiotic, give antitoxins. Also don’t close wounds infected by C. tetani because the oxygen will help kill the bacteria.

Question 21

Major non-treponemal test to look for Neurosyphilis

Answer 21

VDRL

Question 22

Major condition caused by neurosyphilis

Answer 22

Tabes Dorsalis

Question 23

Which stage of Lyme disease causes Neuroborreliosis?

Answer 23

2nd stage

-causes cranial nerve palsies

Question 24

Hawaii and Rat pee

Answer 24

Leptospira

spirochete

Question 25

Veterinarian or farmer handling aborted animal fetuses.

Answer 25

Brucellosis

Question 26

Acid-fast bacilli

Answer 26

Mycobacterium t.

Question 27

What is unique about meningitis caused by TB?

Answer 27

Most meningitis is fast but TB meningitis is gradual onset mainly because it is a reactivation from a previous infection.

Question 28

What is the gram stain and tests for Nocardia?

Answer 28

Gram (+) rods
Catalase (+)

symptoms result from location of abscess