Pharm Ch 25: fluid base Flashcards
IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other substances in concentrations that closely resemble the body’s ECF
Crystalloids
proteins, starches, or other large molecules that remain in the blood for a long time
colloids
crystalloid IV solution examples
normal saline
hypertonic saline
hypotonic saline
lactated ringers
colloid solutions
5% albumin
dextran 40
dextran 70
plasma protein fraction
common reasons for fluid depletion
loos of GI function
excessive sweating
severe burns
hemorrhage
excessive diuresis
potassium chloride classes
therapeutic: hypokalemia
pharm: electrolyte, potassium supplement
potassium chloride actions
hypokalemia
alkalosis
potassium chloride adverse effects
N/V
phlebitis
venous irritation
hyperkalemia
potassium chloride overdose treatment
10% dextrose containing insulin
sodium bicarbonate classes
therapeutic: acidosis or bicarb deficiency
pharm: supplement
sodium bicarbonate actions
correct metabolic acidosis
sodium bicarbonate adverse effects
confusion
irritability
slow RR
vomiting
labs for sodium bicarbonate
urinary and serum pH
urinary urobilinogen
causes of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
shallow breathing
airway constriction
damage to respiratory center in medulla
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
asthma
anxiety
high altitude