Pharm Ch 25: fluid base

Question 1

IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other substances in concentrations that closely resemble the body’s ECF

Answer 1

Crystalloids

Question 2

proteins, starches, or other large molecules that remain in the blood for a long time

Answer 2

colloids

Question 3

crystalloid IV solution examples

Answer 3

normal saline
hypertonic saline
hypotonic saline
lactated ringers

Question 4

colloid solutions

Answer 4

5% albumin
dextran 40
dextran 70
plasma protein fraction

Question 5

common reasons for fluid depletion

Answer 5

loos of GI function
excessive sweating
severe burns
hemorrhage
excessive diuresis

Question 6

potassium chloride classes

Answer 6

therapeutic: hypokalemia
pharm: electrolyte, potassium supplement

Question 7

potassium chloride actions

Answer 7

hypokalemia
alkalosis

Question 8

potassium chloride adverse effects

Answer 8

N/V
phlebitis
venous irritation
hyperkalemia

Question 9

potassium chloride overdose treatment

Answer 9

10% dextrose containing insulin

Question 10

sodium bicarbonate classes

Answer 10

therapeutic: acidosis or bicarb deficiency
pharm: supplement

Question 11

sodium bicarbonate actions

Answer 11

correct metabolic acidosis

Question 12

sodium bicarbonate adverse effects

Answer 12

confusion
irritability
slow RR
vomiting

Question 13

labs for sodium bicarbonate

Answer 13

urinary and serum pH
urinary urobilinogen

Question 14

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 14

hypoventilation
shallow breathing
airway constriction
damage to respiratory center in medulla

Question 15

causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

hyperventilation
asthma
anxiety
high altitude

Question 16

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 16

severe diarrhea
kidney failure
DM
alcohol
starvation

Question 17

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 17

constipation
excessive sodium bicarbonate
diuretics
severe vomiting

Question 18

hypertonic solution admin IV

Answer 18

= lots of solute into the vascular = water moves from interstitial (cells) to plasma (vascular) and can = dehydration

Question 19

hypotonic solution admin IV

Answer 19

= low solutes into the vascular = water moves from the vascular to the cells and can = hypotension

Question 20

isotonic solution admin IV

Answer 20

no fluid shift

Question 21

average adult has water intake of appr

Answer 21

2500 ml/day

Question 22

water output achieved by

Answer 22

kidney
lungs
skin
feces
sweat

Question 23

importance in edema

Answer 23

gage water based by daily weights

Question 24

most important physiologic regulator of fluid intake

Answer 24

thirst mechanism

Question 25

brings on sensation of thirst

Answer 25

osmoreceptors

Question 26

colloid class

Answer 26

plasma volume expanders

Question 27

colloids used to treat

Answer 27

hypovolemic shock

Question 28

most frequently used colloid

Answer 28

serum albumin

Question 29

hypernatremia caused by

Answer 29

kidney disease too much IV fluid net water loss high dose corticosteroids

Question 30

sodium chloride (normal saline) adverse effects

Answer 30

lethargy confusion muscle tremor hypotension restlessness pulmonary edema

Question 31

pulmonary edema signs and symptoms

Answer 31

• Restlessness • Anxiety • Rapid, labored breathing • Decreased oxygen saturation • Diaphoresis • Nasal flaring • Intense, productive cough • Frothy, bloody sputum!!!!

Question 32

hypokalemia caused by

Answer 32

lasix severe vomiting and diarrhea

Question 33

potassium chloride admin alerts

Answer 33

• Never administer IV push or in concentrated amounts, and do not exceed an IV rate of 10 mEq/h. (painful) • Always have patient on a monitor oral given with OJ