Pharm Ch 25: fluid base Flashcards

1
Q

IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other substances in concentrations that closely resemble the body’s ECF

A

Crystalloids

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2
Q

proteins, starches, or other large molecules that remain in the blood for a long time

A

colloids

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3
Q

crystalloid IV solution examples

A

normal saline
hypertonic saline
hypotonic saline
lactated ringers

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4
Q

colloid solutions

A

5% albumin
dextran 40
dextran 70
plasma protein fraction

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5
Q

common reasons for fluid depletion

A

loos of GI function
excessive sweating
severe burns
hemorrhage
excessive diuresis

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6
Q

potassium chloride classes

A

therapeutic: hypokalemia
pharm: electrolyte, potassium supplement

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7
Q

potassium chloride actions

A

hypokalemia
alkalosis

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8
Q

potassium chloride adverse effects

A

N/V
phlebitis
venous irritation
hyperkalemia

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9
Q

potassium chloride overdose treatment

A

10% dextrose containing insulin

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10
Q

sodium bicarbonate classes

A

therapeutic: acidosis or bicarb deficiency
pharm: supplement

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11
Q

sodium bicarbonate actions

A

correct metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

sodium bicarbonate adverse effects

A

confusion
irritability
slow RR
vomiting

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13
Q

labs for sodium bicarbonate

A

urinary and serum pH
urinary urobilinogen

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14
Q

causes of respiratory acidosis

A

hypoventilation
shallow breathing
airway constriction
damage to respiratory center in medulla

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15
Q

causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

hyperventilation
asthma
anxiety
high altitude

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16
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A

severe diarrhea
kidney failure
DM
alcohol
starvation

17
Q

causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

constipation
excessive sodium bicarbonate
diuretics
severe vomiting

18
Q

hypertonic solution admin IV

A

= lots of solute into the vascular = water moves from interstitial (cells) to plasma (vascular) and can = dehydration

19
Q

hypotonic solution admin IV

A

= low solutes into the vascular = water moves from the vascular to the cells and can = hypotension

20
Q

isotonic solution admin IV

A

no fluid shift

21
Q

average adult has water intake of appr

A

2500 ml/day

22
Q

water output achieved by

A

kidney
lungs
skin
feces
sweat

23
Q

importance in edema

A

gage water based by daily weights

24
Q

most important physiologic regulator of fluid intake

A

thirst mechanism

25
Q

brings on sensation of thirst

A

osmoreceptors

26
Q

colloid class

A

plasma volume expanders

27
Q

colloids used to treat

A

hypovolemic shock

28
Q

most frequently used colloid

A

serum albumin

29
Q

hypernatremia caused by

A

kidney disease
too much IV fluid
net water loss
high dose corticosteroids

30
Q

sodium chloride (normal saline) adverse effects

A

lethargy
confusion
muscle tremor
hypotension
restlessness
pulmonary edema

31
Q

pulmonary edema signs and symptoms

A

• Restlessness
• Anxiety
• Rapid, labored breathing
• Decreased oxygen saturation
• Diaphoresis
• Nasal flaring
• Intense, productive cough
• Frothy, bloody sputum!!!!

32
Q

hypokalemia caused by

A

lasix
severe vomiting and diarrhea

33
Q

potassium chloride admin alerts

A

• Never administer IV push or in concentrated amounts, and do not exceed an IV rate of 10 mEq/h. (painful)
• Always have patient on a monitor
oral given with OJ