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Pharm Exam 2 > CH 35: Antiinfectives > Flashcards

CH 35: Antiinfectives Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G action

A

bactericidal

Broad spectrum

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2
Q

Penicillin G interactions

A

decrease oral contraceptives

no aminoglycosides false positive coombs test

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3
Q

positive Coombs test

A

you have antibodies that act against your red blood cells

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4
Q

Penicillin G adverse effects

A

diarrhea!!!
rash
pruritus
nausea
fever
anaphylaxis
nephrotoxic
superinfections

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5
Q

Penicillin G nursing considerations

A

culture and sensitivities
rotate injection sites’
mouth care
yogurt for diarrhea!!
take missed meds asap

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6
Q

Cephalosporin actions

A

bactericidal (faster)

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7
Q

cephalosporin interactions

A

nephrotoxicity (1st gen)
increases anticoagulation (bleeding)
false positive Coombs test

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8
Q

4th and 5th gen ceph use

A

resistance organisms

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9
Q

ceph adverse effects

A

diarrhea!!
N/V
PMC (mucousy, prolyphic diarrhea)
nephrotoxic
anaphylaxis

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10
Q

Ceph nursing considerations

A

1-7% of those allergic to pen are allergic to ceph
use with caution for CKD
pregnancy category B

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11
Q

tetra action

A

bacteriostatic (slows growth)

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12
Q

tetra interactions

A

iron supplements
magnesium
antacids reduce absorption
not administered with pen or ceph

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13
Q

tetra adverse effects

A

N/V/D
permanent teeth discoloration

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14
Q

tetra nursing considerations

A

take 1 hr before or 2-3 hr after meals
not with milk or iron supp (50% absorption)
oral with glass of water
pregnancy category D
protect from sunlight
2 forms of contraception

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15
Q

tetra labs to monitor

A

creatinine
BUN
AST
ALT
amylase
bili
alkaline phosphate

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16
Q

Erythromycin (Macrolides) action

A

bacteriostatic ( slows growth)

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17
Q

Erythromycin therapeutic use

A

flu
pneumonia
chlamydia

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18
Q

erytho adverse effects

A

N/V
Diarrhea!!!
anaphylaxis
ototoxicity
PMC
hepatotoxic
superinfection’

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19
Q

erythromycin nursing considerations

A

culture and sensitivities
mouth care
yogurt for diarrhea
take missed asap
full glass of water
food to reduce GI
shake suspension - avoid bolus

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20
Q

erythromycin labs to monitor

A

electrolytes

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21
Q

erythromycin half-life

A

extended
5 days not 10

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22
Q

erythromycin ROA

A

coated - do not crush

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23
Q

High doses of erythromcyin may be

A

cardiotoxic

pose risk for potentially fatal dysrhrythmias

24
Q

gentamicin (aminoglycoside) action

A

bactericidal

25
Q

gentamicin therapeutic use

A

gram negatives
E.coli
pseudamonas

26
Q

gentamicin adverse effects

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
anaphylaxis
superinfections

neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis!!

27
Q

gentamicin nursing considerations

A

yellow - send back to pharmacy
test ears (8th)
fluids
small frequent meals
monitor for dizziness
signs of reduced kidney function (oliguria, proteinuria, BUN, creatinine)
Avoid with CKD
Pregnancy category C

28
Q

hold gentamicin if serum level above normal range =

A

5-10 mcg/ml

29
Q

gentamicin labs to monitor

A

bili
creatine
lactate
BUN
AST
ALT

30
Q

aminos synergistic with:

A

penicillins
cephs
vancomycin

31
Q

aminogylcosides and the GI tract

A

poorly absorbed

32
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolones) action

A

bactericidal (fast)

33
Q

cipro interactions

A

increases anticoagulants

34
Q

Cipro therapeutic use

A

anthrax!!
e.coli
sinusitis
pneumonia

35
Q

cipro adverse effects

A

N/V/D
tendon rupture!!!!
muscle weakness
MG

phototoxicity
headache
dizziness

36
Q

Cipro nursing considerations

A

culture and sensitivities
1hr before or 2hr after meals
fluids
4 hr before antacids
take full course

37
Q

can reduce absorption of some fluoros by as much as 90%

A

multivitamins or minerals

38
Q

risk of tendon rupture with fluoros increase in patients:

A

over age 60 and receiving concurrent corticosteroids

39
Q

chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

40
Q

unhealthy kidney lab values

A

high BUN
high creatinine

41
Q

sulfonamides action

A

bacteriostatic (slows growth)

42
Q

sulfonamides interactions

A

enhance anticoagulants
methotrexate toxicity
potassium-sparing (hyperkalemia = cardiac arrest)

43
Q

sulfonamides therapeutic use

A

UTI
RA
UC
CD
otitis media

44
Q

sulfa adverse effects

A

crystalluria
anaphylaxis
SJS
necrosis
hyperkalemia
N/V
photosensitivity

45
Q

sulfa nursing considerations

A

if rash forms stop immediately
around the clock
8 glasses per water
no sun exposure
mouth care
pregnancy C
CKD
renal dysfunction
no potassium

46
Q

sulfa labs

A

CMP
BUN
Creatinine
CBC
AST
ALT

47
Q

Clindamycin action

A

bacteriostatic or bactericidal

48
Q

Clindamycin therapeutic use

A

acne
septicemia
abdominal, resp, gyno infections

49
Q

Clindamycin adverse effects

A

PMC
causes C. diff

50
Q

Clindamycin nursing considerations

A

PO with water
monitor for diarrhea
monitor for PMC - causes c diff
not with UC

51
Q

Clindamycin labs

A

AST
ALT
CBC
BUN
Creatinine
electrolytes
stool studies

52
Q

Vancomycin action

A

bactericidal

53
Q

vancomycin interactions

A

ASA
aminoglycosides
loop diuretics

54
Q

vancomycin adverse effects

A

red man syndrome!!!
ototoxic
nephrotoxic

55
Q

red man syndrome

A

with rapid IV admin - release large amounts of histamines
hypotension, flushing, red rash,
slow down rate

56
Q

vancomycin nursing considerations

A

caution with renal and hearing impairment
evaluate hearing
peak and trough after 3 doses
monitor IV
Monitor BP
evaluate ears (8th)
anaphylaxis
superinfection

Pharm Exam 2 (7 decks)

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