pharm- cephalosporins Flashcards
4 1st generations
Cefradroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cephradine
4 2nd generations
Cefaclor
Cefuroxmine
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
3 3rd generations
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidimine
Cefrtiaxon
1 4th generation
Cefipime
surgical prophylaxis, use when allergic to penicillin, penetrates tissue well, only ceph used parenterally
Cefazolin
have activities against anaerobes
cephamycins
mixed anaerobic infections (includeing bacteroides fragilis)
Peritonitis or diverticulitis
Cefoxitin, cefotetan
sinusitis, otitis, and lower respiratory tract infections (active against H influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis); community acquired pneumonia (active against H influenzae, K pneumoniae and penicillin-resistant pneumococci)
Cefuroxime
MOST active against penicillin-resistant strains of pneumococci, and approved to treat meningitis
Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime
Empirical therapy for sepsis of unknown cause:
Immunocompetent and immunocompromised
Treatment of infection where cephalosporins are the least toxic drug available
3rd generations
Organisms NOT covered by cephalosporins
L- listeria monocytogenes
A- atypicals (chlamydia, mycoplasma)
M- MRSA
E- enterococci
given to penicillin-allergic patients without reaction during serious infection
Aztreonam
Use vancomycin in comnination with ______ and _____ for treatment of meningitis caused by highly penicillin-resistant pneumococci
cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
1st gens used to treat UTIs and staph and strep infections (cellulitis or soft tissue abscesses)
cephalexin, cephradine, cefadroxil
1st gens used to treat
Gram (+) cocci that aren’t MRSA, and PEcK Gram (-) and anaerobic peptococci and peptostreptococci
2nd gens used to treat
same as 1st but more Gram (-)
Difference between anaerobic bacteria treatment with 1st and 2nd gens (cefamycins)
1st can’t treat bacteroids, cefoxitin and cefotetan can
Can cross the BBB
Cefotaxime, cetriaxone
2 types of treatment for 3rd gens
Expanded Gram (-) coverage and beta-lactamase producing strains of haemophius and neisseria
Drug of choice for empirical therapy of serious infections
Cefotaxime and cetriaxone
neutropenic, febrile, immunocompromised patients, ___ generation are used in combination with an __________
3rd, aminoglycoside
4 qualities of 4th gen cefepime
- more resistant to hydrolysis by b-lactamases
- good against PA, SA,SP, and enterobacteriacea
- Highly active against haemophilus and neisseria
- Penetrates the CSF
Does not require renal adjustment
ceftriaxone
Adverse affects of cefotetan
hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding disorders, disulfiram-like reactions, alcohol should be avoided
