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FM1 > Pharm Block 2 Description > Flashcards

Pharm Block 2 Description Flashcards

1
Q

Prednisone

A

Immunosuppressive oral corticosteroid

Autoimmune disorders
Allograft rejection
Asthma 
Inflammatory bowel disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Other inflammatory states
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2
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppressive cyclic peptide produced by Beauveria nivea fungus

Glucocorticoid

Prevent organ rejection after transplant
Tx for rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Inflammatory bowel disease

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3
Q

Tacrolimus

A

Immunosuppressive from fungus Streptomyces tsukubaensis

Glucocorticoid

Prevent organ rejection after transplant
Psoriasis
Atopic dermatitis

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4
Q

Sirolimus

A

Macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Glucocorticoid

Prevent rejection after RENAL TRANSPLANT (not recommended for liver or lung transplants)

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5
Q

Azathioprine

A

Purine Synthesis Inhibitor

Cytotoxic antimetabolite-class agent; prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Prevent rejection of kidney transplants
Reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn’s disease

6-MP is used as antileukemia agent

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6
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

Purine Synthesis Inhibitor

Prodrug; semisynthetic derivative of mycophenolic acid obtained from Penicillium species

Used concomitantly with or as an alternative to cyclosporine or tacrolimus to prevent organ rejection after renal, cardiac, or liver transplants
Mycophenolate mofetil + cyclosporine + corticosteroid

Less bone marrow suppression than azathioprine

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7
Q

Muromonab-CD3

A

Murine monoclonal antibody directed against CD3 on T cells

Block acute rejection of heart, liver, kidney transplants and to deplete T cells from donor bone marrow prior to transplantation

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8
Q

Basiliximab

A

“Nondepleting” immunosuppressive agent

Anti-CD25 antibody: recombinant human-mouse IgG vs. IL-2 receptor-CD25 complex

Used for prophylaxis of acute rejection following kidney transplant, combined with cyclosporine and a glucocorticoid

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9
Q

Adalimumab

A

Fully humanized monoclonal antibody

Immunosuppressie human IgG vs. TNF-alpha

Rheumatoid arthritis
Crohn’s disease
Ankylosing spondylitis
Psoriasis

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10
Q

Carbachol

A

Cholinergic Agonist

Synthetic carbamoyl ester of choline

Obtaining miosis during surgery
Reducing IOP elevation in the initial 24 hr following cataract surgery

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11
Q

Methacholine

A

Cholinergic Agonist

Synthetic acetylcholine analog

Diagnosis of airway hyperreactivity

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12
Q

Bethanechol

A

Cholinergic Agonist

Synthetic acetylcholine analog

DOC for promoting GI and urinary bladder motility for postoperative and postpartum ileus or gastroparesis and nonobstructive urinary retention
Neurogenic atony of the urinary bladder

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13
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinergic Agonist

Plant alkaloid from Pilocarpus microphyllus

Active on sweat and salivary glands and eyes

Xerostomia caused by Sjogrens syndrome
Salivary gland dysfunction
Miosis induction
Postop and following opthalmic examination
Second-line for chronic open-angle glaucoma

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14
Q

Nicotine

A

Cholinergic Agonist

Plant alkaloid from Nicotiana tabacum

Help smokers quit

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15
Q

Varenicline

A

Cholinergic Antagonist (partial agonist)

Smoking cessation

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16
Q

Physostigmine

A

Cholinesterase Agent

Carbamoyl ester-class parenteral and opthalmic AChE inhibitor

DOC to counteract toxic anticholinergic effects of other drugs
Second-line TX of glaucoma

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17
Q

Neostigmine

A

Cholinesterase Agent

Carbamoyl ester-class peripheral AChE inhibitor

TX of myasthenia gravis, postop reversal of neuromuscular blockade, postoperative ileus

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18
Q

Edrophonium

A

Cholinesterase Agent

Rapid-acting, short-duration, parenteral AChE inhibitor

DOC for diagnosing myasthenia gravis
Assessing AChE inhibitor therapy
Reversing effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers after surgery
Postoperative ileus

Not useful for TX of myasthenia gravis due to short duration of action

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19
Q

Echothiophate

A

Cholinesterase Agent

Second-line TX for chronic open-angle glaucoma

Stable in aqueous solutions

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20
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Cholinesterase Agent

Reverses AChE inhibition produced by organophosphates

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21
Q

Atropine

A

Cholinergic Antagonist

Most commonly used systemically to treat bradycardia
Preoperative agent to reduce secretions
Mydriatic for opthalmic examination

Antidote for AChE inhibitor poisoning or muscarinic agonist poisoning

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22
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Cholinergic Antagonist

Bladder muscle relaxant; antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle

Treat urge incontinence in neurogenic bladder

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23
Q

Ipratropium

A

Cholinergic Antagonist

Acute asthmatic episode
First-line therapy in COPD once symptoms are present

Additive with beta2 agonists

Formulated with albuterol

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24
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Classic ganglionic blocker used to treat moderate hypertension

Promise in Tourette’s tx and nicotine withdrawal

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25
Epinephrine
Endogenous catecholamine synthesized in adrenal medulla (crazy potent vasopressor) Tx for acute bronchospasm, asthma DOC for anaphylaxis Often combined with local anesthetic to prolong anesthetic duration of action
26
Phenylephrine
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist Synthetic sympathomimetic amine commonly used PO or intranasally for nasal congestion Topically applied to eye to induce mydriasis Diagnostic aid in opthalmology
27
Clonidine
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist Antihypertensive agent and epidural agent for opioid-refractory cancer pain TX of hypertension ADHD, opioid and nicotine withdrawal, vascular headaches, Tourette's
28
Isoproterenol
Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Norepinephrine analog Improve AV conduction during heart block Cardiac stimulant in cardiac arrest Acute bronchospasm, asthma, COPD
29
Dobutamine
Beta-Adrenergic Agonist IV inotrope used for acute heart failure
30
Albuterol
Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Short-acting bronchodilator Management of acute asthmatic episodes or COPD
31
Salmeterol
Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Long-lasting bronchodilator for long-term prophylactic tx of asthma Prevention of bronchospasm in adults with reversible COPD Formulated with fluticasone Delayed onset; never used to treat acute attack
32
Phentolamine
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist Short-acting alpha antagonist Prevent hypertensive episodes that may occur in patient with pheochromocytoma as result of manipulation during surgical excision Prevent dermal necrosis following extravasation of alpha agonists
33
Phenoxybenzamine
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist TX of sweating and hypertension associated with phenochromocytoma TX for urinary symptoms of BPH and certain peripheral vasospastic conditions like acrocyanosis, Raynaud's, and frostbite
34
Prazosin
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist Oral agent used to treat hypertension Off-label to treat BPH
35
Tamsulosin
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist Potent oral agent for BPH
36
Yohimbine
Alpha-adrenergic Antagonist Erectile dysfunction for men who cannot tolerate PDE5 From bark of Rubiaceae trees
37
Carvedilol
Mixed adrenergic receptor blocker used for TX of mild-to-severe chronic heart failure Alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics, to manage essential hypertension
38
Propranolol
Prototype of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists TX for hypertension, angina, tachycardia, acute MI, prophylaxis of MI, prophylaxis of migraine, anxiety, agitation, panic attack
39
Timolol
Beta-adrenergic antagonist First-line TX for open-angle glaucoma
40
Metoprolol
Beta-adrenergic antagonist TX of angina, hypertension, migraine, MI, tremor Increasingly used for heart failure management
41
Pindolol
Beta-adrenergic antagonist (partial agonist) Beta blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) TX of hypertension Useful in heart failure, heart block, bronchospasm when maintenance of adequate sympathetic tone is desirable
42
Alpha-Methyltyrosine
Tyrosine analog TX of pheochromocytoma Preop preparation of patients for surgery, management of patients when surgery is contraindicated, chronic tx
43
Alpha-Methyldopa
Centrally acting antihypertensive agent Second-line antihypertensive but a DOC during pregnancy TX of pheochromocytoma: Preop preparation of patients for surgery, management of patients when surgery is contraindicated, chronic tx
44
Reserpine
Alkaloid Not used much anymore for antihypertensive because CNS effects and depression
45
Botulinum Toxin A
Neuromuscular blocker produced by Clostridium botulinum Removal of wrinkles, axillary hyperhidrosis, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, stabismus
46
Amphetamine
Prototype stimulant, potent CNS stimulant Combination of amphetamine isomers in 3:1 ratio ADHD (first-line), narcolepsy Off-label for obesity
47
Cocaine
Alkaloid Topical anesthetic applied to mucosal membranes Uniquely produces vasoconstriction + anesthesia
48
Paroxetine
SSRI: 3rd generation, nonTCA antidepressant drug TX major depression, major anxiety syndromes, OCD, PTSD Off-label: premature ejaculation and hot flashes
49
Atomoxetine
Nonstimulant for ADHD Black Box warning for suicidal ideation Minimal peripheral effects
50
Phenelzine
2nd-line TX for depression for patients who are unresponsive to newer medications Effective in refractory anxiety disorders, OCD, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder
51
Cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agent Most widely-used nitrogen mustard Lymphomas, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, bone cancer, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
52
Temozolomide
Alkylating agent DNA-methylating agent used for glioblastomas, astrocytomas, melanomas
53
Carboplatin
Miscellaneous DNA-damaging agent Platinum-based vs. many solid tumors Cancer of testes, esophagus, stomach, bladder, lung, ovaries, head, neck
54
Bleomycin
Miscellaneous DNA-damaging agent Mix of 2 small copper-chelating peptides, bleomycins A2 and B2, isolated from Streptomyces verticillus Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's, testicular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or head, neck, cervix, uvula
55
Doxorubicin
Miscellaneous DNA-damaging agent Isolated from Streptomyces peucetius One of most active anticancer agents Broad antitumor activity
56
5-Fluorouracil
Antimetabolite Cancers of colon, rectum, breast, stomach, pancreas
57
Gemcitabine
Difluorodeoxycytidine antimetabolite Cancers of GI, lung, breast, uterus, ovary, bladder, non-Hodgkin's
58
Methotrexate
Antimetabolite Leukemias, lymphomas, cancers of head, neck, lung, breast Immunosuppressive: widely used for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
59
Vincristine
Antimitotic Spindle poison Alkaloid from Catharathus rosea (periwinkle plant) Solid tumors, lymphomas, leukemias, rhadomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, brain tumors, nephroblastoma
60
Paclitaxel
Antimitotic Spindle poison Ovarian, breast, lung, GI, urogenital, head and neck cancers
61
Etoposide
Topoisomerase inhibitor Lung and testicular cancers, lymphomas, nonlymphocytic leukemia, Kaposi sarcoma
62
Irinotecan
Topoisomerase inhibitor Colorectal, ovarian, lung, pancreatic cancers, refractory lymphoma, malignant gliomas
63
Bevacizumab
Monoclonal Antibody Recombinant humanized IgG Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression system Colorectal, non-small cell lung, breast, kidney cancers, glioblastoma
64
Cetuximab
Monoclonal Antibody Genetically engineered human-mouse fusion IgG directed against EGF receptor TX of EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal, head, and neck cancers
65
Rituximab
Monoclonal Antibody Genetically engineered human-mouse IgG produced by CHO cells TX of relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Used as adjunct in combination regimens
66
Trastuzumab
Monoclonal Antibody Genetically engineered humanized antibody against human EGFR (HER2neu) HER2/neu overexpressed in 30% breast cancers, PX candidates are screened for phenotype
67
Temsirolimus
mTOR inhibitor Macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus Renal cancer (only approved regiment as of now)
68
Erlontinib
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Oral, selective EGFR inhibitor Non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
69
Imatinib
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Chronic myelogenous leukemia, GI stromal tumors, cancers with certain tyrosine kinases constitutively active (c-kit, PDGF)
70
Sunitinib
Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Orally active Renal cell cancers, GI stromal cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
71
Dantrolene
Given orally to treat severe spasticity from spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, & multiple sclerosis Given intravenously to treat malignant hyperthermia
72
Acetylcholine
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker Cholinergic agonist
73
Succinylcholine
Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker Not hydrolyzed by AChE

FM1 (6 decks)

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