Drugs Flashcards
Dexamethasone
Steroid
Hydrocortisone
Steroid
Antiinflammatory: anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD, IBS, rheumatic disorders, dermatoses.
Also glucocorticoid replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency.
Acts via nuclear receptors to modulate gene expression.
Anti-inflammatory - reduces COX2 expression
Prednisone
Immunosuppressive steroid.
TX autoimmune disorders, allograft rejection, asthma, IBS, rheumatoid arthritis.
Acts via nuclear receptors to modulate gene expression.
Anti-inflammatory - reduces COX2 expression
Fluticasone
Medium potency steroid. PROPHYLAXIS for asthma. Topically for dermatoses or intranasally for rhinitis.
Acts via nuclear receptors to modulate gene expression.
Anti-inflammatory - reduces COX2 expression
Alprostadil
Prostanoid. Synthetic PGE1 used for treatment of ED and to maintain ductus arteriosus in newborns.
Agonist at EP receptors increases cAMP and causes vasodilation.
Latanoprost
Prostanoid. Synthetic PGF2alpha analog prodrug used to reduce elevated IOP in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Selective FP receptor agonist, believed to reduce the IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor.
*Causes iris-hyperpigmentation.
Misoprostol
Prostanoid. Very potent synthetic prostaglandin analog for prevention of gastric ulcers, but slightly less effective than H2 antagonists.
Pregnancy termination and labor induction.
Agonist at EP receptors on parietal cells which decreases cAMP and decreases acid secretion.
Agonist at EP receptors in uterus and promotes contractions.
Montelukast
Leukotriene agent. Used for asthma maintenance therapy. PROPHYLAXIS only!
Antagonist at G protein coupled receptors (cysLT1) in airway smooth muscles, mast cells, and neutrophils.
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene. Synthetic, selective peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist for prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children over 5. PROPHYLAXIS only!
Antagonist at G protein coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (cysLT1) in airway smooth muscles, mast cells, and neutrophils.
Zileuton
Leukotriene. Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma. Specific 5-LOX inhibitor which decreases leukotriene formation.
Aspirin
NSAID.
Thrombosis prevention. Prevents/reduces risk of MI.
IRREVERSIBLE inhibitor of COX.
Beware of aspirin triad
Celecoxib
NSAID. First FDA approved selective COX-2 inhibitor. (10-20 fold selectivity)
Diclonfenac
NSAID. Phenylacetic acid class. Competitive COX inhibitor. 10-20x selective for COX-2
Ibuprofen
NSAID of phenylpropionic acid class. Competitive inhibitor of COX enzymes. 2x selective for COX1
Indomethacin
NSAID. Used to accelerate closure of PDA in infants.
Competitive inhibitor of COX enzymes. 3-5x selective for COX1
Ketorolac
NSAID
Strong short term (
Meloxicam
NSAID. Indicated for rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Competitive COX inhibitor. 10x selective for COX-2
Naproxen
NSAID. Competitive inhibitor of COX enzymes. 3-5x selective for COX1
Acetominophen
Misc. Has analgesic and antipyretic activity but NO anti-inflammatory and no platelet effects. Competitive COX inhibitor in the CNS but NOT periphery. Binds to cannabinoid receptors in the spinal cord.
N-acetylcysteine
Acetominophen toxicity
Cetirizine
allergic conditions (rhinitis, sneezing, itching, urticaria). Less sedating.
H1 receptor inverse agonist;
Minimal antimuscarinic activity.
2nd generation antihistamine
Diphenhydramine
allergic rhinitis, sneezing, itching, urticaria, motion sickness, insomnia.
H1 receptor inverse agonist;
Significant antimuscarinic activity (helps motion sickness)
1st generation antihistamine
Fexofenadine
allergic conditions (rhinitis, sneezing, itching, urticaria).
H1 receptor inverse agonist;
No antimuscarinic activity.
2nd generation antihistamine
Loratadine
Allergic conditions (rhinitis, sneezing, itching, urticaria).
H1 receptor inverse agonist;
No antimuscarinic activity.
2nd generation antihistamine
