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NCLEX: Pharmacology > Pharm Basics > Flashcards

Pharm Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

Category ___ medications have the highest potential for abuse

A

1

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2
Q

Examples of Category 1 medications

A

Heroin, LSD

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3
Q

Category ___ medications have a lower risk of abuse, but still a potential for abuse

A

5

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4
Q

Example of category 5 medication

A

Cough medication with codeine

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5
Q

Category ___ is the safest during pregnancy

A

A

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6
Q

Category ___ is the most dangerous during pregnancy

A

X

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7
Q

What are the 5 core rights of medication administration?

A

Right: person, medication, dose, route, and time

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8
Q

How the medication gets from the site of administration into the bloodstream

A

Absorption

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9
Q

How a medication gets from the bloodstream to the site of action

A

Distribution

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10
Q

The inactivation of medications by enzymes

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

The elimination of medications from the body

A

Excretion

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12
Q

Metabolism mainly occurs in the _________ and excretion mainly occurs in the _________

A

Liver; Kidneys

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13
Q

Comparison of the minimum effective concentration (MEC) to toxic drug levels

A

Therapeutic index (TI)

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14
Q

The amount of time it takes for a medication to be reduced by 50% in the body

A

Half life

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15
Q

Medications that activates receptors in the body

A

Agonists

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16
Q

Medications that block receptors in the body

A

Antagonists

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17
Q

Medications that act as agonists on some receptors and antagonists other receptors

A

Agonist-antagonist

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18
Q

Which medication is safer: a medication with a high therapeutic index or a medication with a low therapeutic index?

A

Medication with a high therapeutic index

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19
Q

T or F: drugs with a longer half life have a greater risk for toxicity

A

True

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20
Q

List 3 examples of time-critical medications

A

Antibiotics, anticoagulants, insulin

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21
Q

Time-critical medications should be administered within _____ of scheduled time

A

30 min (can be 30 min before or 30 min after)

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22
Q

Non-time critical medications can be administered within _____ of scheduled time

A

2 hours

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23
Q

A non-time critical medication that is administered multiple times a day (bid, tid, etc.) can be administered within _____ of scheduled time

A

1 hour

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24
Q

What are the most common PRN medications?

A

Pain and nausea medications

25
Q

Best practice for taking telephone orders

A

Have a second RN listen in on the call, write down the prescription and repeat it back, make sure the provider signs the prescription within 24 hours

26
Q

The process by the nurse compiles and complete and updated list of medications that the patient has been taking at home and compare it to the providers orders to prevent medication errors

A

Medication reconcilation

27
Q

When should medication reconciliation be performed?

A

During transitions of care

28
Q

What three herbs can increase the risk for bleeding when taken with medications such as warfarin, aspirin, and NSAIDs?

A

garlic, ginger, and ginkgo biloba

29
Q

Which herb can increase the risk for serotonin syndrome when taken with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor such as SSRIs and SNRIs?

A

St. John’s Wort

30
Q

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome

A

Fever, tachycardia, diaphoresis, N/V, muscle rigidity

31
Q

What supplement is sometimes used for insomnia, anxiety, and other disorders but may increase the risk for sedation when taken with a CNS depressant?

A

Valerian

32
Q

Foods that contain _________ can cause a hypertensive crisis in patients taking an MAOI such as phenelzine

A

Tyramines

33
Q

Examples of foods that are rich in tyramines

A

Bananas, avocados, salami, pepperoni, aged cheese, chocolate, red wine

34
Q

What food-drug interaction can increase the risk for toxicity with many medications such as Antihypertensives, statins, and mental health medications?

A

Grapefruit juice

35
Q

Alcohol potential interactions

A

Increased risk for drowsiness when taking with CNS depressant (antihistamine), increased risk for hepatotoxicity when taken with certain meds such as antituberculosis

36
Q

_____ can decrease the absorption of iron supplements and certain antibiotics such as tetracycline

A

Dairy

37
Q

Increased intake of __________ rich foods can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin

A

Vitamin K (however, note that a decrease in vitamin K while taking warfarin can increase risk for bleeding; teach patient to maintain consistent intake of vitamin K)

38
Q

Increased _________ can decrease the absorption of levodopa

A

Protein

39
Q

Increased _________ intake can lead to increased risk of hyperkalemia when taken with certain Antihypertensives agents such ACE inhibitors or spironolactone

A

Potassium

40
Q

Antidote for acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine

41
Q

Antidote for benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

42
Q

Antidote for opioids

A

Naloxone

43
Q

Antidote for digoxin

A

Digoxin immune fab (Digibind)

44
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

45
Q

Antidote for warfarin

A

Vitamin K

46
Q

Antidote for magnesium

A

Calcium gluconate

47
Q

Antibiotic patient teaching

A
  • Take the ENTIRE course
  • report significant side effects to provider
  • some antibiotics may require periodic lab testing throughout therapy
  • certain antibiotics (such as tetracyclines) can decrease effectiveness of oral contraception (use an alternate form of protection)
  • certain antibiotics can cause photosensitivity (increased risk for burns) so educated patient to avoid sun exposure and wear sunscreen!
48
Q

List some of the medication classes that can cause anticholinergic effects

A

Inhaled/nasal anticholinergics, atropine, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotic agents, Benztropine, oxybutynin

49
Q

__________ medications block the effect of acetylcholine

A

Anticholinergic

50
Q

Anticholinergic side effects

A

Blurred vision (can’t see), urinary retention (can’t pee), dry mouth (can’t spit), constipation (can’t shit), tachycardia, photosensitivity, hyperthermia

51
Q

Anticholinergic nursing care

A

Monitor urine output, monitor temperature

52
Q

Anticholinergic patient education

A

Increase fluid and fiber intake, suck on hard candy for dry mouth, wear sunglasses for photosensitivity, avoid heat

53
Q

List medications that place patient at increased risk for bleeding

A

Heparin/enoxaparin, warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, platelet aggregation inhibitors, thrombin inhibitors, thrombolytics, antineoplastics

54
Q

S/S that indication a patient is having bleeding

A

Coffee ground emesis, black tarry stools, hematuria, oozing at gumline, bruising

55
Q

Bleeding precaution nursing care

A

Limit venipunctures and IM injections, if injection is unavoidable use smallest needle possible, implement fall precautions

56
Q

Bleeding precautions patient education

A

Use soft-bristled toothbrush and electric razor, seek immediate medical attention following any kind of head trauma

57
Q

Medications that cause immunosuppression and increased risk for infection

A

Corticosteroids, atypical antipsychotic agents, DMARDs, antineoplastic agents

58
Q

Immunosuppression/infection precautions nursing care

A

Implement isolation/neutropenic precautions (private room w/ dedicated equipment, no live flowers/plants, screen visitors for illness), notify provider for s/s of infection, monitor WBCC and temperature

59
Q

Immunosuppression/infection precautions patient education

A

Avoid crowded areas/contact with people with illness, frequent and thorough hand hygiene, avoid gardening and cat litter, cook foods thoroughly to prevent foodborne illness

NCLEX: Pharmacology (11 decks)

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