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NCLEX: Pharmacology > Endocrine System Medications > Flashcards

Endocrine System Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin lispro (Humalog) and insulin aspart (Novolog) are examples of __________-acting insulins

A

Rapid

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2
Q

Rapid-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 15 min
Peak: 1 hour
Duration: 2-4 hrs

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3
Q

Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) is a __________-acting insulin

A

Short

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4
Q

Short-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 30 min
Peak: 2-3 hrs
Duration: 3-6 hrs

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5
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin

A

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

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6
Q

Immediate-acting insulin

A

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

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7
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 2-4 hrs
Peak: 4-12 hrs
Duration: 12-18 hrs

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8
Q

Insulin glargine (Lantus) and insulin detemir (Levemir) are examples of _________-acting insulins

A

Long

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9
Q

Long-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 3-4 hrs
Peak: NONE
Duration 24 hrs

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10
Q

The nurse should educate patients to rotate insulin injection sites to prevent

A

Lipohypertrophy

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11
Q

Key side effect of insulin

A

Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia

A

Tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness, headache, weakness

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13
Q

T or F: a patient may need extra doses of insulin during times of illness or stress

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Nursing interventions for a fully conscious patient experiencing hypoglycemia

A

Provide patient with 15g of glucose through orange juice (4 oz), milk (8 oz)

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15
Q

Nursing interventions for a hypoglycemic patient who is not fully conscious

A

Administer glucagon

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16
Q

Process of mixing insulins

A

Draw up clear (regular) before cloudy (NPH)
- inject air into cloudy insulin
- inject air into clear insulin
- draw up clear insulin
- draw up cloudy insulin

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17
Q

T or F: oral antidiabetic agents are for both type I and type II diabetes

A

FALSE; oral can ONLY be taken by patients with type II diabetes

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18
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol) and glyburide (Diabeta) are examples of oral _________ for type II diabetes

A

Sulfonylureas

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19
Q

Glipizide and glyburide would be contraindicated in patients with

A

Sulfa allergy

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20
Q

Sulfonylureas work by

A

Stimulating insulin release from pancreas

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21
Q

Sulfonylureas side effects

A

Hypoglycemia, photosensitivity

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22
Q

Sulfonylureas patient education

A
  • take meds 30 min before meals
  • NO alcohol
  • wear sunscreen (d/t photosensitivity)
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23
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin) is an example of an oral _________ for type II diabetes

A

Meglitinide

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24
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin) side effects

A

Hypoglycemia, angina

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25
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin) patient education

A

Take 3x/day, eat within 30 min of dose

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26
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) is an example of an oral _________ for type II diabetes

A

Biguanide

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27
Q

Metformin works by

A

Decreasing glucose production in liver and increases glucose uptake

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28
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) side effects

A

Metallic taste, lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency

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29
Q

Metformin patient education

A
  • take with meal
  • NO alcohol
  • take B12 supplement if indicated
  • discontinue 48 hrs prior to procedures requiring NPO or contrast dye
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30
Q

S/S of lactic acidosis

A

Diarrhea, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, weakness

31
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) is an oral _________ for type II diabetes

A

Thiazolidinedione

32
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) works by

A

Decreasing insulin resistance and glucose production

33
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) side effects

A

Fluid retention, elevated LDL, hepatotoxicity

34
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) is contraindicated in patients with

A

Heart failure

35
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) patient education

A

Take once a day, with or without food

36
Q

Example of an oral alpha glucose inhibitor for type II diabetes

A

Acarbose (Precose)

37
Q

Acarbose (Precose) works by

A

Inhibiting glucose absorption in the GI tract

38
Q

Acarbose (Precose) side effects

A

Hepatotoxicity, anemia

39
Q

Acarbose (Precose) is contraindicated for patient with

A

GI disorders

40
Q

Acarbose (Precose) patient education

A

Take 3x/day, with first bite of food

41
Q

Medication indicated for severe hypoglycemia when patient is unable to take oral glucose

A

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

42
Q

Pioglitazone black box warning

A

Risk of congestive heart failure

43
Q

Glucagon works by

A

Stimulating breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver

44
Q

Glucagon routes of administration

A

Subq, IM, IV

45
Q

Glucagon nursing consideration

A

Provide food as soon as patient is able to swallow safely

46
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4) and liothyronine (Cytomel) are indicated for the treatment of

A

Hypothyroidism

47
Q

Side effects of hypothyroidism medications

A

Minimal side effects. When dose is too high, may lead to s/s of hyperthyroidism (anxiety, sweating, weight loss, heat intolerance)

48
Q

Patient education for hypothyroidism medications

A

Take on empty stomach with full glass of water before breakfast; requires life-long treatment

49
Q

Antithyroid medication indicated for Graves’ Disease and in preparation for a thyroidectomy

A

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

50
Q

PTU side effects

A

Agranulocytosis, rash, hepatotoxicity, s/s of hypothyroidism when dose is too high (lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, depression)

51
Q

PTU nursing consideration

A

Monitor CBC and liver function

52
Q

Antithyroid agent used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and preparation for thyroidectomy

A

Lugol’s solution (strong iodine solution)

53
Q

Lugol’s solution side effects

A

Hypothyroidism, iodism, hypersensitivity (rash, itching)

54
Q

S/S of iodism

A

Metallic taste, stomatitis (inflammation of mucosa in mouth), severe GI upset

55
Q

Growth hormone indicated for growth hormone deficiencies (pediatric and adult)

A

Somatropin (Genotropin)

56
Q

Somatropin (Genotropin) side effects

A

Hyperglycemia, pancreatitis

57
Q

Somatropin (Genotropin) administration

A

IM or subq (rotate injection sites)

58
Q

A nurse caring for a pediatric patient who takes Somatropin (Genotropin) should monitor growth rate and bone age frequently because treatment should be stopped prior to

A

Epiphyseal closure

59
Q

Somatropin (Genotropin) patient education

A

Report persistent, severe abdominal pain

60
Q

Vasopressin (Vasostrict) and desmopressin (DDAVP) are indicated for

A

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

61
Q

Vasopressin (Vasostrict) and desmopressin (DDAVP) mimic _____ (produced by the posterior pituitary), which causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

62
Q

Antidiuretic hormones work by _________ urine output and _________ urine osmolality

A

Decreasing; increasing

63
Q

Side effects of ADH (vasopressin, desmopressin)

A

Overhydration (pounding headache)

64
Q

ADH nursing consideration

A

Monitor I&Os (normal UO 0.5-1.5 cc/kg/hr) and urine specific gravity

65
Q

Prednisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol), and dexamethasone (Decadron) are examples of

A

Glucocorticoids

66
Q

Glucocorticoids work by

A

Decreasing inflammation and suppressing the immune response

67
Q

Side effects of glucocorticoids

A

Bone loss, weight gain/fluid retention, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, infection, PUD, adrenal gland suppression, skin fragility, GI upset

68
Q

Glucocorticoids nursing considerations

A

Monitor for signs of infection and PUD (coffee ground emesis, tarry stools)

69
Q

Glucocorticoids patient education

A

Periods of stress may require additional doses; DO NOT discontinue abruptly (slowly taper); take vitamin D and calcium supplements; avoid NSAIDs

70
Q

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is an example of a

A

Mineralocorticoid

71
Q

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is indicated for adrenal insufficiency such as

A

Addison’s disease

72
Q

Fludrocortisone (Florinef) mimics _________, which causes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys allowing for maintenance of BP and sodium balances in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency

A

Aldosterone

73
Q

Side effects of Fludrocortisone (Florinef)

A

Same as glucocorticoids along with hypertension and edema

74
Q

Abrupt discontinuation of Fludrocortisone (Florinef) may cause

A

An addisonian crisis

NCLEX: Pharmacology (11 decks)

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