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NCLEX: Pharmacology > Gastrointestinal Medications > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac) and famotidine (Pepcid) are examples of

A

H2 receptor blockers

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2
Q

H2 receptor antagonists block H2 receptors in stomach, reducing

A

Stomach acid secretion

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3
Q

When should H2 receptor blockers be administered

A

With meals and at bedtime

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4
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole (Protonix) are examples of

A

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

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5
Q

PPIs side effects

A

GI upset, C.diff, bone fractures (with long-term use)

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6
Q

PPIs nursing consideration

A

Monitor for diarrhea, cramping, bloody stools

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7
Q

Medication indicated for duodenal ulcers by reacting with stomach acid to form a thick paste that adheres to ulcers

A

Sucralfate (Carafate)

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8
Q

Key side effect of sucralfate (Carafate)

A

Constipation

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9
Q

When should sucralfate (Carafate) be administered?

A

1 hr before meals and at bedtime (4x/day)

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10
Q

Sucralfate (Carafate) patient education

A

Increase intake of fluids and fiber

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11
Q

Antacid that binds phosphate in the stomach and neutralizes stomach acid

A

Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)

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12
Q

Key side effect of aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)

A

Constipation

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13
Q

Administration of aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)

A

After meals and at bedtime; take 1-2 hrs before or after other meds

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14
Q

Prostaglandin that prevents gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs and can also be used to induce labor by ripening the cervix

A

Misoprostol (Cytotec)

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15
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec) side effects

A

Dysmenorrhea, miscarriage, GI upset

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16
Q

Misoprostol (Cytotec) nursing consideration

A

Assess women of childbearing age for pregnancy BEFORE administration for ulcer prevention — will cause miscarriage!

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17
Q

Docusate sodium (Colace) and docusate calcium (Kaopectate) are examples of

A

Stool softener laxatives

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18
Q

Administration of stool softeners

A

Administered with full glass of water

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19
Q

Psyllium (Metamucil) and methylcellulose are examples of

A

Bulk-forming laxatives

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20
Q

Administration of bulk-forming laxatives

A

Administer with full glass of water, followed by another glass of

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21
Q

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) and sennosides (Senokot) are examples of

A

Stimulant laxatives

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22
Q

Stimulant laxatives are indicated for

A

Constipation, bowel prep before surgery/procedure

23
Q

Magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, lactulose, and polyethylene glycol (MiraLax) are examples of

A

Osmotic laxatives

24
Q

Osmotic laxative that can be used for hepatic encephalopathy (due to elevated ammonia in the body)

A

Lactulose

25
Q

Nursing consideration for osmotic laxatives magnesium hydroxide or magnesium citrate

A

Watch for signs of hypermagnesemia/magnesium toxicity

26
Q

Common side effects of most laxatives

A

Cramping, bloating, diarrhea, N/V

27
Q

Loperamide (Imodium) and diphenoxylate/atropin (Lomotil) are examples of

A

Antidiarrheals

28
Q

Antidiarrheal side effects

A

Constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth

29
Q

Antidiarrheal patient education

A

Suck on candy for dry mouth

30
Q

Which Antidiarrheal carries a risk for dependence with prolonged use?

A

Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

31
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran), promethazine (Phenergan), and meclizine (Antivert) are examples of

A

Antiemetics

32
Q

Side effects of Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

Headach, constipation, diarrhea, QT prolongation (monitor EKG!)

33
Q

Promethazine and meclizine are not only indicated for N/V, but can also be used for treatment of

A

Motion sickness

34
Q

Promethazine and meclizine side effects

A

Anticholinergic: drowsiness, dry mouth

35
Q

Antiemetics nursing consideration

A

If given for chemotherapy; administer PRIOR to therapy (vs treating n/v that is already occurring)

36
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) is indicated for conditions such as

A

N/V, gastroparesis (delay gastric emptying), GERD

37
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) works by

A

Accelerating gastric emptying

38
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) side effects

A

Drowsiness, GI upset, EPS (muscle rigidity, tremors, tardive dyskinesia, restlessness)

39
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan) administration

A

30 min before meals and at bedtime

40
Q

Medication used to treat IBS with diarrhea

A

Alosetron (Lotronex)

41
Q

Medication used to treat IBS with constipation

A

Lubiprostone (Amitiza)

42
Q

Medication used to treat IBS with constipation

A

Lubiprostone (Amitiza)

43
Q

Alosetron (Lotronex) key side effect

A

Constipation (black box: risk for ischemic colitis)

44
Q

Lubiprostone (Amitiza) side effects

A

Diarrhea, nausea, headache

45
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) is an example of

A

GI anti-inflammatory

46
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) side effects

A

Blood dycrasias (anemia, agranulocytosis), rash, crystalluria, fever

47
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) nursing consideration

A

Monitor CBC

48
Q

Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) patient education

A

May cause orange-yellow discoloration of urine/skin

49
Q

Simethicone (Gas-X) is an example of

A

An antiflatulant

50
Q

Administration of simethicone (Gas-X)

A

After meals and at bed time

51
Q

Pancreatic enzyme indicated for pancreatic insufficiency related to pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, GI bypass surgery

A

Pancrelipase (Pancrease)

52
Q

Pancrelipase (Pancrease) side effects

A

Diarrhea, nausea, cramps

53
Q

Pancrelipase (Pancrease) administration

A

Immediately before or with meals and snacks; swallow pills WHOLE (do NOT crush); if pill is difficult to swallow, may open fill and sprinkle on applesauce (acidic food)

NCLEX: Pharmacology (11 decks)

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