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Pharma - Little bit of this little bit of that > Pharm - antiviral drugs > Flashcards

Pharm - antiviral drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Acyclovir area of use?

A

Viruses that have the Thymidine kinase enzyme to activate the drug. These viruses are Herpe simplex 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster.

These viruses have a dormant part of their life cycle which means you do not cure the infections due to non-replicant viruses.

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1
Q

Mechanism of action of “-ovirs”?

A

prodrug that is activated by host kinases. The active metabolite lach 3’ -OH which will terminate the DNA chain transcription = chain terminators.

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2
Q

Foscarnet mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA polymerases. Areas of use are identical to those of ganciclovir.

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3
Q

Foscarnet side effects?

A

renal toxicity - acute tubular necrosis

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4
Q

HAART =

A

Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy

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5
Q

Treatment of HIV general picture?

A

Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors

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6
Q

efavirenze and sleep`?

A

can produce dysphoric dreams, commonly known as NIGHTMARES!!

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7
Q

Zidovudine(ZDV) and Azidothymine(AZT) mechanism of action?

A

Compete with natural nucleotides and can also be incorporated into viral DNA to cause chain termination ===> chain terminator

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8
Q

Other NRTIs mechanism of action?

A

Same as ZDV except the active metabolite express different nucleotide that inhibit RT.

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9
Q

ide effects of AZT?

A

Hematotoxicity(major and dose-limiting)

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10
Q

“-udine”“-tabine”“-vudine” indicates ………

A

“-udine”“-tabine”“-vudine” indicates antiretroviral

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11
Q

HIV: Protease inhibitors mechanism of action?

A

Aspratate protease(pol) cleaves precursor polypeptides in HIV that buds to form the proteins of the mature virus core.

This enzyme, aspartate protease, contains dipeptide structures which the PIs can bind to, thereby inhibiting the enzyme.

Resistance occurs via specific point mutations in pol gene

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12
Q

indinavir and ritonavir are ………..

A

indinavir and ritonavir are rotease inhibitors

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13
Q

side effects of PIs?

A

crystaluria(keep patient hydrated), major drug interactions, syndrome of disordered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism

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14
Q

Enfuvirtide mechanism of action?

A

binds gp41 and inhibits fusion of HIV-1 to CD4+ cells

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15
Q

Maraviroc mechanism of action?

A

blocks CCR5 protein on T-cell surgace to prevent viral entry

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16
Q

Amantadine mechanism of action?

A

blocks attachement, penetration and uncoating of influenza A virus

17
Q

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir mechanism of action?

A

inhibit neuraminidases of influenza A and B; decrease the likelyhood that the virus will penetrate uninfected cells.

prophylaxis mainly

18
Q

Acyclovir moa?

A

Purine analogue that needs viral Thymidine kinase to be converted to monophosphate –> inhibits DNA polymerase

19
Q

Valacyclovir target organisms?

A
  • CMV in immunocompromised
  • EBV
  • HSV I & II
20
Q

Foscarnet moa?

A

Inhibit DNA polymerase

21
Q

Ganciclovir coadministered to produce synergy?

A

Foscarnet

22
Q

Trifluvidine moa?

A

Replaces Thymidine in viral DNA –> produce fraudulent base pairing

23
Q

Amantadine & Rimantadine moa?

A

Inhibit the endosome-mediated uncoating of single stranded RNA viruses prior to transcription and replication.

24
Q

Amantadine & Rimantadine target organisms?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

25
Q

Time frame for administration of Amantadine & Rimantadine?

A

48 hours after onset of symptoms

26
Q

Ribavirin moa?

A

inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase in viral DNA and RNA polymerases

27
Q

Zanamivir and Oseltavir moa?

A

neuroaminidase inhibitor

28
Q

Zanamivir and Oseltavir target organisms?

A

acute uncomplicated infection with Influenzae A and B

29
Q

Antiretrovirals(NNRT) moa?

A

inhibits HIV-encoded RNA dependent DNA polymerases

30
Q

Zidovudine(AZT) dose-limiting toxicity?

A

anemia

31
Q

Zidovudine(AZT) and pregnancy?

A

When given in second trimester it reduces vertical transmission by 25%

32
Q

Antiretrovirals(non-NRTIs) common enzyme inhibition?

A

CYP3A

33
Q

HIV-1 protease inhibitors moa?

A

inhibits protease that cleaves Pol-Gag(essential for viral prolifferation) polyprotein cleavage

34
Q

HIV-1 protease inhibitor adverse effects?

A

lipodystrophy and resistance occur

35
Q

Saquinavir, Ritonavir and Indinavir are all …….

A

HIV-1 protease inhibitors

36
Q

Enfurvirtide moa?

A

binds glycoprotein41 = prevents viral entry to host cell

37
Q

What are HAARTs?

A

Highly Active AntiREtroviral Treatment = specific drug regiments

38
Q

Lamivudine area of use?

A

prevent hepatic fibrosis by HBV

39
Q

Imiquimod are of use?

A

treat anal and genital warts caused by HPV

40
Q

Treat HBV fibrosis with

A

Lamivudine

41
Q

Imiquimod is used to treat ……

A

Anal and genital warts caused by HPV

Pharma - Little bit of this little bit of that (10 decks)

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