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MD3 > PHARM- Antimicrobials > Flashcards

PHARM- Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Which penicillins are narrow spectrum?

A

No staphylococcal activity:

  • Penicillin G
  • Benzylpenicillin
  • Penicillin V

Staphylococcal activity:

  • Flucloxacillin
  • Dicloxacillin
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2
Q

What are the main organisms that narrow spectrum penicillins are active against?

A
  • G+ cocci: strep, entero ± staph
  • G+ rods: Listeria
  • Some G- cocci: Neisseria meningitidis
  • Syphilis
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3
Q

What are the moderate spectrum penicillins? What are they active against?

A
  • Amoxycillin and ampicillin

- More effective at G- organisms (choice for enterococcus)

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4
Q

What are the beta-lactamase inhibitors?

A
  • Clavulanate

- Tazobactam

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5
Q

What are the broad spectrum penicillins?

A
  • Piperacillin

- Ticarcillin

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6
Q

What are the first generation cephalosporins and what do they cover?

A
  • Cephalexin, cefazolin, cefalothin

- Gram positive: strep and staph

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7
Q

What are the second generation cephalosporins and what do they cover?

A
  • Cefaclor, cefuroxime

- Reasonable G+ cover and some G- cover (Hib)

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8
Q

What are the third generation cephalosporins and what do they cover?

A
  • Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime

- Some G+ cover (good strep), G- cover and good CNS penetration, extended 3rd gen anti-pseudomonal

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9
Q

What are the fourth generation cephalosporins and what do they cover?

A
  • Cefepime

- Covers pseudomonas

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10
Q

What are the fifth generation cephalosporins and what do they cover?

A
  • Ceftraroline

- Covers MRSA

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11
Q

What are the carbapenems and what do they cover?

A
  • Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
  • Broad spectrum: most G+ (not MRSA) and G-
  • Usually for severe nosocomial infections
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12
Q

What type of Abx is vancomycin? What does it cover?

A
  • Glycopeptide
  • Staph, strep, enterococci
  • Main use = MRSA, C. difficile
  • Penicillin resistant bugs or if allergy
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13
Q

What type of Abx is gentamicin? What does it cover?

A
  • Aminoglycoside

- Gram negatives including Pseudomonas

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14
Q

What are the main A/E associated with gentamicin?

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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15
Q

What type of Abx is doxycycline? What does it cover?

A
  • Tetracycline

- IC pathogens: Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella

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16
Q

What are the quinolones? What do they cover?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin: broad spectrum G-, some G+
  • Norfloxacin: GIT/GUT infection
  • Moxifloxacin: add strep cover
17
Q

What are the macrolides? What do they cover?

A
  • Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

- Gram positives (increasing resistance), atypical pathogens and pertussis

18
Q

What pathogens does metronidazole cover?

A
  • C perfringens
  • C difficile
  • Protozoa: Trichomonas, Giardia
19
Q

What classes of Abx can be used against Pseudomonas infections?

A
  • Broad spectrum penicillins + BLI
  • Extended 3rd gen and 4th gen cephalosporings
  • Carbapenems
  • Gentamycin
20
Q

What Abx are used in mild CAP?

A

Amoxycillin/doxycycline

21
Q

What Abx are used in moderate CAP?

A

Benzylpenicilin + doxycycline

22
Q

What Abx are used in severe CAP?

A

3rd gen cephalosporin + macrolide ± vancomycin

23
Q

What Abx are used in mild NAP?

A

Co-amoxyclav

24
Q

What Abx are used in moderate NAP?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

25
Q

What Abx are used in severe NAP?

A

Piperacillin + tazobactam + vancomycin

26
Q

What Abx can be used first line in a UTI?

A
  • Trimethoprim
  • 3rd generation cephalosporins
  • Co-amoxyclav
27
Q

What Abx are first line in meningitis (adults and children >2mo)?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin ± benzylpenicillin (Listeria), ± vancomycin
Give with dexamethasone

MD3 (21 decks)

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